Target type: biologicalprocess
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diacylglycerol, a glyceride in which any two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group. [PMID:11717312]
Diacylglycerol (DAG) catabolism is a crucial biological process involved in the breakdown of DAG, a lipid messenger molecule. DAG plays a pivotal role in various cellular signaling pathways, including those regulating cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Its catabolism is essential for maintaining proper cellular homeostasis and preventing excessive signaling.
The primary enzyme responsible for DAG catabolism is diacylglycerol lipase (DAG lipase). This enzyme hydrolyzes the ester bond between the glycerol backbone and one of the fatty acid chains attached to DAG, producing monoacylglycerol (MAG) and a free fatty acid. The free fatty acid can then be utilized as an energy source or further metabolized.
DAG catabolism can occur through two main pathways:
1. **Hydrolysis by DAG lipase:** As described above, this pathway directly breaks down DAG into MAG and a free fatty acid. This reaction is typically regulated by calcium levels and other signaling molecules.
2. **Phosphatidic acid (PA) pathway:** In this pathway, DAG is phosphorylated by diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) to form PA. PA can then be further metabolized through various pathways, including the conversion to glycerol-3-phosphate or the production of phosphoinositides.
DAG catabolism is tightly regulated and plays a significant role in various cellular processes, including:
* **Lipid metabolism:** DAG catabolism contributes to the breakdown and utilization of lipids, providing energy and building blocks for other cellular components.
* **Signal transduction:** DAG is a key signaling molecule involved in various pathways, and its catabolism helps regulate the duration and intensity of these signals.
* **Cell growth and proliferation:** DAG catabolism plays a role in controlling cell growth and division by influencing downstream signaling pathways.
* **Membrane trafficking:** DAG catabolism contributes to the regulation of membrane trafficking and vesicle formation.
* **Immune response:** DAG catabolism is involved in the regulation of immune responses, including inflammation and leukocyte activation.
Disruptions in DAG catabolism can lead to various pathological conditions, including:
* **Obesity:** Increased DAG levels in adipose tissue are associated with obesity and metabolic disorders.
* **Cancer:** Aberrant DAG signaling and catabolism can contribute to cancer cell growth and proliferation.
* **Cardiovascular disease:** DAG catabolism is implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease by influencing lipid metabolism and inflammation.
* **Neurological disorders:** Disruptions in DAG catabolism may contribute to neurological disorders affecting brain function and development.
In summary, DAG catabolism is a vital biological process involved in the breakdown of DAG, a key signaling molecule. This process is tightly regulated and plays a critical role in various cellular functions, including lipid metabolism, signal transduction, cell growth, and immune response. Disruptions in DAG catabolism can lead to various pathological conditions, highlighting the importance of maintaining proper DAG homeostasis.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Diacylglycerol lipase-beta | A diacylglycerol lipase-beta that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8NCG7] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Diacylglycerol lipase-alpha | A diacylglycerol lipase-alpha that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9Y4D2] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| cannabinol | Cannabinol: A physiologically inactive constituent of Cannabis sativa L. | dibenzopyran | |
| 1,6-bis(cyclohexyloximinocarbonyl)hexane | 1,6-bis(cyclohexyloximinocarbonyl)hexane: selective inhibitor of canine platelet diglyceride lipase | carbamate ester; organonitrogen compound | |
| cannabichromene | 1-benzopyran | ||
| (6ar-trans)-isomer of tetrahydrocannabivarin 9 | |||
| delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid | Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. A biosynthetic precursor to Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, the principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant. | benzochromene; diterpenoid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide | anti-inflammatory agent; biomarker; metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
| cannabidiolic acid | cannabidiolic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is olivetolic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a 3-p-mentha-1,8-dien-3-yl (limonene) group. cannabidiolic acid: structure | dihydroxybenzoic acid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide; resorcinols | |
| cannabidiol | cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4. Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract. | olefinic compound; phytocannabinoid; resorcinols | antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite |
| orlistat | orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug. Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity. | beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative | anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor |
| cannabigerol | cannabigerol : A member of the class of resorcinols that is resorcinol which is substituted by a (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl group at position 2 and by a pentyl group at position 5. It is a natural product found in Cannabis sativa and Helichrysum species. cannabigerol: RN given refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source | phytocannabinoid; resorcinols | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antioxidant; appetite enhancer; cannabinoid receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| cannabigerolic acid | cannabigerolic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is olivetolic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a geranyl group. A biosynthetic precursor to Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, the principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant. cannabigerolic acid: structure in first source | dihydroxybenzoic acid; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide; resorcinols | |
| CAY10435 | oxazolopyridine | ||
| ly2183240 | LY2183240: structure in first source | biphenyls | |
| cannabidivarin | cannabidivarin: from Cannabis sativa | monoterpenoid | |
| omdm 169 | OMDM 169: has antinociceptive activity; structure in first source | ||
| am 6701 |