Target type: biologicalprocess
The progression of the hypothalamus region of the forebrain, from its initial formation to its mature state. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]
The hypothalamus, a crucial brain region responsible for regulating a multitude of vital functions, undergoes a complex developmental journey. Its formation commences early in embryonic development, with the neural tube, the precursor to the central nervous system, giving rise to the ventral midline, which will eventually transform into the hypothalamus. This process involves a precise interplay of genetic and environmental factors, orchestrating a series of intricate molecular events.
Initially, the developing hypothalamus exhibits a distinct regional organization, characterized by the emergence of specific progenitor domains, each destined to generate specific hypothalamic neuronal populations. These progenitor domains express unique combinations of transcription factors, serving as molecular blueprints that guide their differentiation into various neuronal subtypes.
As development progresses, these progenitor cells undergo a series of coordinated cell divisions, migrations, and differentiations, driven by a complex interplay of signaling molecules. Notably, the Wnt and Shh signaling pathways play pivotal roles in regulating the proliferation and patterning of hypothalamic progenitors.
Concurrently, neuronal circuits begin to form, establishing connections between hypothalamic neurons and other brain regions, as well as peripheral organs. This process of axonal guidance and synapse formation relies on a cascade of molecular cues, including guidance molecules and cell adhesion proteins.
Throughout this intricate developmental process, the hypothalamus exhibits remarkable plasticity, adapting its structure and function in response to environmental cues, such as nutrition and stress. This adaptability ensures that the hypothalamus remains responsive to physiological demands throughout life.
In summary, the development of the hypothalamus is a meticulously orchestrated process, driven by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. It involves the precise regulation of cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and circuit formation, culminating in the formation of a highly specialized brain region that plays a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis and regulating essential biological functions.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Apoptosis regulator BAX | An apoptosis regulator BAX that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:SY, UniProtKB:Q07812] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Catenin beta-1 | A catenin beta-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P35222] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 2 | A 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P31213] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 1 | A 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P18405] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| prazosin | prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively. Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION. | aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor |
| vorinostat | vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME. | dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor |
| finasteride | finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA. | 3-oxo steroid; aza-steroid; delta-lactam | androgen antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor |
| salvin | salvin: a biocyclic diterpenoid; from sage and rosemary (Lamiaceae) | abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; catechols; monocarboxylic acid | angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; food preservative; HIV protease inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| turosteride | turosteride: a 5alpha-reductase inhibitor; structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (5alpha,17beta)-isomer | ||
| toxoflavin | toxoflavin : A pyrimidotriazine that is 1,6-dimethyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine with oxo groups at positions 5 and 7. toxoflavin: azapteridine antibiotic; structure | carbonyl compound; pyrimidotriazine | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; toxin; virulence factor; Wnt signalling inhibitor |
| sertraline | sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression. | dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins | antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| epristeride | epristeride: structure given in first source | steroid acid | |
| indole-2-carboxylic acid | indolyl carboxylic acid | ||
| fce 28260 | (22RS-N-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-phenylprop-2-yl)-3-oxo-4-aza-5alpha-androst-1-ene-17beta-carboxamide: structure given in first source | ||
| ly 300502 | |||
| cercosporin | cercosporin : An organic heterohexacyclic compound that is perylo[1,12-def][1,3]dioxepine-6,11-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 12, by methoxy groups at positions 7 and 10, and by 2-hydroxypropyl groups at positions 8 and 9 (the R,R-stereoisomer). It is a phytotoxin which was first isolated from the pathogenic soybean fungus, Cercospora kikuchii and later found in multiple members of the genus Cercospora. cercosporin: phyytotoxin from Cercospora beticola Sacc; posses photodynamic action on mice, bacteria & plants | ||
| LSM-42773 | aromatic ketone | ||
| etodolac, (-)-isomer | (R)-etodolac : The R-enantiomer of etodolac. It is inactive, in contrast to the enantiomer, (S)-etodolac, which is a preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory. The racemate is commonly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. | etodolac | |
| 17-n,n-diethylcarbamoyl-4-methyl-4-azaandrostane-3-one | 17-N,N-diethylcarbamoyl-4-methyl-4-azaandrostane-3-one: inhibitor of testosterone 5-alpha reductase, receptor binding & nuclear uptake of androgens in the prostate | ||
| dutasteride | dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland. Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA. | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aza-steroid; delta-lactam | antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor |
| ucn 1028 c | calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides | ||
| abt-737 | aromatic amine; aryl sulfide; biphenyls; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-arylpiperazine; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor | |
| 5-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-furancarboxamide | aromatic amide; furans | ||
| 5-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-furancarboxamide | aromatic amide; furans | ||
| 5-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-[2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-2-furancarboxamide | aromatic amide; furans | ||
| 5-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-2-furancarboxamide | aromatic amide; furans | ||
| N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-5-(4-methyl-3-thiophenyl)-2-furancarboxamide | aromatic amide; furans |