Page last updated: 2024-10-24

response to nickel cation

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nickel cation stimulus. [GOC:sm]

Nickel cation response is a complex biological process that involves multiple cellular pathways. Nickel is a heavy metal that can be toxic to cells, but it also plays a role in some biological processes. When nickel ions enter the cell, they can bind to various proteins and enzymes, potentially disrupting their function. This can lead to a variety of cellular responses, including oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis.

The cellular response to nickel cations begins with the uptake of nickel ions into the cell. Nickel can enter cells through various mechanisms, including passive diffusion, active transport, and endocytosis. Once inside the cell, nickel ions can bind to various proteins, including metallothioneins, which are small proteins that bind heavy metals. Metallothioneins play a role in detoxifying nickel and other heavy metals by sequestering them in the cytoplasm.

Nickel can also disrupt cellular processes by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are highly reactive molecules that can damage cellular components, including DNA, proteins, and lipids. This oxidative stress can contribute to the toxicity of nickel.

Another important aspect of the response to nickel cations is DNA damage. Nickel can bind to DNA and cause strand breaks and other lesions. These DNA lesions can activate DNA repair pathways, but if these pathways are overwhelmed, they can lead to mutations and cancer.

Finally, nickel can induce apoptosis, or programmed cell death. Apoptosis is a normal process that eliminates damaged or unwanted cells. However, excessive apoptosis can be harmful to the organism. Nickel can induce apoptosis through a variety of mechanisms, including activation of caspase enzymes and disruption of the mitochondrial membrane.

In summary, the response to nickel cations is a multifaceted process that involves multiple cellular pathways. The cellular response to nickel cations is important for maintaining cellular homeostasis and protecting against the toxic effects of this metal. The specific response will depend on the concentration of nickel, the cell type, and other factors.'
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Proteins (2)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Heat shock cognate 71 kDa proteinA heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DAN]Homo sapiens (human)
Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1GA voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:O43497]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (21)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
tacrinetacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.
acridines;
aromatic amine
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nimodipinenimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.

Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.
2-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
adenosine diphosphateAdenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
tubercidintubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.

Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.
antibiotic antifungal agent;
N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine;
ribonucleoside
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
toyocamycintoyocamycin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group.

Toyocamycin: 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry.
antibiotic antifungal agent;
N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine;
nitrile;
ribonucleoside
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite
nsc 65346sangivamycin : A nucleoside analogue that is adenosine in which the nitrogen at position 7 is replaced by a carbamoyl-substituted carbon. It is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C.

sangivamycin: RN given refers to parent cpd
nucleoside analogueprotein kinase inhibitor
pimozidepimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.

Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403)
benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound
antidyskinesia agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
mibefradilMibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.tetralinsT-type calcium channel blocker
adenosinequinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlitadenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside
analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
vexibinolsophoraflavanone G : A tetrahydroxyflavanone having a structure of naringenin bearing an additional hydroxyl substituent at position 2' as well as a (2R)-5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hex-4-en-1-yl (lavandulyl) substituent at position 8'.

vexibinol: flavanol from Sophora; structure in first source; RN given refers to (S-(R*,S*))-isomer
(2S)-flavan-4-one;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
tetrahydroxyflavanone
antimalarial;
antimicrobial agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
8-aminoadenosine
5'-deoxyadenosine5'-deoxyadenosine : A 5'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having adenosine as the nucleobase.

5'-deoxyadenosine: main heading DEOXYADENOSINE refers to the 3' cpd
5'-deoxyribonucleoside;
adenosines
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
8-prenylnaringenin8-prenylnaringenin: a phytogenic antineoplastic agent; structure in first source

sophoraflavanone B : A trihydroxyflavanone that is (S)-naringenin having a prenyl group at position 8.
(2S)-flavan-4-one;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
trihydroxyflavanone
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
flunarizineFlunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.diarylmethane
2-phenoxy-N-[5-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]acetamidetetralins
(S)-4',5,7-Trihydroxy-6-prenylflavanoneflavanones
ith 4012
kys 05090
ver 155008VER 155008: structure in first sourcepurine nucleoside
ulixacaltamideZ944: a T-type calcium channel antagonistbenzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
piperidines;
secondary carboxamide
non-narcotic analgesic;
T-type calcium channel blocker
nms-e973NMS-E973: structure in first source