plasma cell differentiation

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The process in which a B cell acquires the specialized features of a plasma cell. A plasma cell is a lymphocyte which develops from a B cell and produces high amounts of antibody. [GOC:jal]

Plasma cell differentiation is a complex process that starts with the activation of mature B lymphocytes by antigen. This activation triggers a cascade of events that leads to the differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells. Here is a step-by-step breakdown of the process:

1. **Antigen Recognition and Activation:** Mature B lymphocytes express unique B cell receptors (BCRs) on their surface that can bind to specific antigens. When a B cell encounters its cognate antigen, it internalizes and processes the antigen. The processed antigen is then presented on the surface of the B cell in complex with MHC II molecules.

2. **T cell Collaboration:** The antigen-presenting B cell interacts with a helper T cell (TH cell) that recognizes the antigen presented by the B cell. This interaction leads to the activation of the TH cell and the production of cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6.

3. **B cell Proliferation and Differentiation:** The activated B cell proliferates, giving rise to a clone of B cells. The cytokines produced by the TH cell, along with other signals, induce these B cells to differentiate into plasma cells.

4. **Plasma Cell Formation:** Plasma cells are characterized by a distinct morphology, including a large amount of cytoplasm and a prominent Golgi apparatus. They also express high levels of BCR and are specialized for antibody production.

5. **Antibody Production:** The activated plasma cells produce and secrete large quantities of antibodies. These antibodies are specific for the antigen that initially activated the B cell. Antibodies bind to and neutralize the antigen, thus helping to clear the infection or disease.

6. **Memory Cell Formation:** During the differentiation process, some activated B cells differentiate into memory B cells. These cells persist in the body for long periods and provide long-term immunity against the specific antigen.

The differentiation of B cells into plasma cells is essential for the adaptive immune response. Plasma cells are the primary source of antibodies, which are crucial for defending the body against a wide range of pathogens. The process of plasma cell differentiation involves complex signaling pathways, gene expression changes, and cellular remodeling. This intricate process ensures the efficient generation of antibody-producing cells that are essential for immune protection.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (13)