proteasome binding

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Binding to a proteasome, a large multisubunit protein complex that catalyzes protein degradation. [GOC:mah]

Proteasome binding refers to the interaction of proteins with the proteasome, a large protein complex responsible for degrading damaged or misfolded proteins within cells. This process is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and eliminating potentially harmful proteins. The proteasome comprises several subunits, including a 20S core particle responsible for protein degradation and two 19S regulatory particles that recognize and bind target proteins.

The interaction between a target protein and the proteasome is a multi-step process:

1. **Recognition:** The 19S regulatory particle recognizes specific protein motifs, such as polyubiquitin chains, which act as degradation signals. These chains are attached to target proteins through a process called ubiquitination.

2. **Unfolding:** The 19S regulatory particle unfolds the target protein, exposing its amino acid residues to the proteolytic activity of the 20S core particle.

3. **Degradation:** The 20S core particle contains proteolytic active sites that cleave the unfolded protein into small peptides. These peptides can be further degraded or used for other cellular processes.

Proteasome binding plays a critical role in various cellular functions:

- **Protein Quality Control:** The proteasome eliminates misfolded or damaged proteins, preventing their accumulation and potential toxicity.

- **Cell Cycle Regulation:** The proteasome degrades proteins involved in cell cycle progression, ensuring proper regulation of cell division.

- **Signal Transduction:** Proteasome-mediated degradation of signaling proteins can regulate cellular responses to external stimuli.

- **Immune Response:** The proteasome generates peptides that can be presented by MHC molecules, leading to immune recognition and antigen presentation.

Dysregulation of proteasome binding can lead to various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and inflammatory conditions. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying proteasome binding is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies targeting proteasome function.'
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Proteins (4)

Compounds (11)