Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = L-ascorbate + glutathione disulfide. [RHEA:24424]
Glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate) activity is a crucial enzymatic function that plays a significant role in cellular redox homeostasis. It specifically refers to the enzyme's ability to catalyze the oxidation of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) using ascorbate as an electron acceptor. This reaction is essential for maintaining the balance between reduced and oxidized glutathione in cells, which is crucial for numerous cellular processes.
The enzyme involved in this activity is typically a flavoprotein, containing a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor. Ascorbate, also known as vitamin C, acts as an electron carrier in this reaction, being reduced to dehydroascorbate.
This enzyme activity plays a critical role in various cellular functions, including:
* **Maintaining redox balance:** The glutathione redox couple (GSH/GSSG) serves as a major cellular antioxidant, protecting cells from oxidative stress. Glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate) activity helps maintain the appropriate ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione, ensuring effective antioxidant defense.
* **Detoxification:** GSH plays a crucial role in detoxification processes, conjugating and removing toxic substances from the cell. Glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate) activity ensures a continuous supply of oxidized glutathione, which is necessary for the detoxification reactions.
* **Cellular signaling:** The glutathione redox status is also involved in signaling pathways, regulating various cellular processes. Glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate) activity contributes to the regulation of these signaling events by influencing the redox state of the cell.
Overall, glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate) activity is a vital enzymatic process that is essential for maintaining redox homeostasis, detoxification, and cellular signaling. Its activity is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular function and protection against oxidative stress.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Glutathione S-transferase omega-1 | A glutathione S-transferase omega-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P78417] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| dinitrochlorobenzene | 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions. Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds. | C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes | allergen; epitope; sensitiser |
| ethacrynic acid | etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor. Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic. | aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid | EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic |
| omeprazole | 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole. Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | |
| alpha-tocopherol succinate | hemisuccinate; tocol | ||
| salvin | salvin: a biocyclic diterpenoid; from sage and rosemary (Lamiaceae) | abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; catechols; monocarboxylic acid | angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; food preservative; HIV protease inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| alpha-tocopherol phosphate | alpha-tocopherol phosphate: RN given refers to (2R*(4R*,8R*))-(+-)-isomer | ||
| dioxiram | dioxiram: structure given in first source | ||
| N-[3-(N-(2-chloro-1-oxoethyl)-4-nitroanilino)propyl]-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide | C-nitro compound; secondary carboxamide; tertiary carboxamide; trifluoroacetamide | ||
| 2-(N-(2-chloro-1-oxoethyl)-4-fluoroanilino)-N-cyclohexyl-2-(3-pyridinyl)acetamide | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | ||
| carfilzomib | epoxide; morpholines; tetrapeptide | antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor | |
| protoapigenone | protoapigenone: has antineoplastic activity; isolated from Thelypteris torresiana; structure in first source | ||
| deoxycholic acid, monosodium salt | bile acid salt | ||
| rifampin | Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160) | cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion | angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor |