NAD-dependent histone H3K14 deacetylase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 14) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 14) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 14 of the histone H3 protein. [PMID:28450737]

NAD-dependent histone H3K14 deacetylase activity is a crucial molecular function that plays a vital role in regulating gene expression and chromatin structure. This activity involves the removal of an acetyl group from lysine 14 (K14) of histone H3, a key protein component of nucleosomes. Acetylation of histone H3K14 is associated with increased gene expression, while deacetylation leads to a more condensed chromatin state, generally suppressing gene transcription.

The deacetylation process is catalyzed by enzymes known as histone deacetylases (HDACs), which utilize NAD+ as a cofactor. HDACs belong to a family of enzymes with diverse roles in cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, differentiation, and development.

Specifically, NAD-dependent histone H3K14 deacetylase activity contributes to:

* **Chromatin remodeling:** Deacetylation of H3K14 promotes the compaction of chromatin, making it less accessible to transcription factors and thereby inhibiting gene expression.
* **Gene silencing:** The silencing of genes is a crucial process for maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing aberrant gene expression. Deacetylation of H3K14 often contributes to the repression of genes that are not needed or could be detrimental to the cell.
* **Cell cycle regulation:** The timing of gene expression is critical for cell cycle progression. Deacetylation of H3K14 plays a role in regulating the expression of genes involved in different phases of the cell cycle, ensuring proper coordination and preventing errors.
* **Developmental processes:** Deacetylation of H3K14 is involved in various developmental processes, such as tissue differentiation and organogenesis. By fine-tuning gene expression patterns, this activity contributes to the proper formation and function of tissues and organs.

In summary, NAD-dependent histone H3K14 deacetylase activity is a critical molecular function that modulates chromatin structure and gene expression, impacting diverse cellular processes including gene silencing, cell cycle regulation, and developmental processes. It contributes to the precise control of gene expression, ensuring proper cellular function and development.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (33)