Page last updated: 2024-10-24

serine racemase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the synthesis of free D-serine from L-serine. [GOC:kd]

Serine racemase activity is a crucial enzymatic function that interconverts L-serine and D-serine, stereoisomers of the amino acid serine. This interconversion is essential for various physiological processes, particularly in the nervous system. D-serine acts as a co-agonist for the NMDA receptor, a glutamate receptor involved in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Serine racemase, the enzyme responsible for this interconversion, catalyzes the epimerization of L-serine to D-serine through a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent mechanism. The enzyme utilizes PLP as a cofactor, which forms a Schiff base with the amino group of serine. This Schiff base undergoes a series of rearrangements and protonation events, leading to the inversion of the stereochemistry at the alpha carbon of serine. The precise molecular mechanism involves the formation of a quinonoid intermediate, followed by protonation from the opposite side of the molecule, resulting in the production of D-serine. The activity of serine racemase is tightly regulated, ensuring the appropriate levels of D-serine for optimal neuronal function. Dysregulation of serine racemase activity has been linked to various neurological disorders, including schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease, highlighting its importance in maintaining brain health.'
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Proteins (1)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Serine racemaseA serine racemase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9GZT4]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (9)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
benzoic acidaromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.

benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.

Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.
benzoic acidsalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
glycinealpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid
EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
malonic aciddicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.

malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.
alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acidhuman metabolite
thiophene-3-carboxylic acidthiophene-3-carboxylic acid: structure in first source
3-hydroxy-1-benzopyran-2-one3-hydroxycoumarin: Photoprotective from sea urchin gametes and embryonic cells; structure in first source

hydroxycoumarin : Any coumarin carrying at least one hydroxy substituent.
hydroxycoumarin
tricarballylic acidtricarballylic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid in which one of the beta-hydrogens is substituted by a carboxy group.

tricarballylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd
tricarboxylic acid
crotonic acidbutenoic acid : Any C4, straight-chain fatty acid containing one double bond.

crotonic acid : A but-2-enoic acid with a trans- double bond at C-2. It has been isolated from Daucus carota.

crotonic acid: a stereospecific unsaturated carboxylic acid found in CROTON OIL
2-butenoic acidplant metabolite
3-coumaric acid3-coumaric acid : A monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-3 of the phenyl ring.

3-coumaric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation in Chemline

trans-3-coumaric acid : A 3-coumaric acid that is phenol substituted with trans-2-propenoic acid at position C-3.
3-coumaric acid
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