Page last updated: 2024-10-24

threonine racemase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine = D-threonine. [EC:5.1.1.6, RHEA:13913]

Threonine racemase activity is a crucial enzyme involved in the interconversion of L-threonine and D-threonine. This process occurs via an amino-acid racemization reaction, where the stereochemistry around the alpha-carbon of threonine is inverted. L-threonine is the naturally occurring enantiomer utilized in protein biosynthesis, while D-threonine is considered a non-canonical amino acid. The enzymatic activity of threonine racemase is catalyzed by a pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent mechanism. The active site of the enzyme binds to L-threonine, facilitating the removal of a proton from the alpha-carbon, leading to the formation of a carbanion intermediate. This intermediate is then protonated on the opposite side of the molecule, resulting in the formation of D-threonine. The conversion of L-threonine to D-threonine serves a variety of biological roles. In bacteria, D-threonine is utilized in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycans, a major component of bacterial cell walls. In mammals, D-threonine has been linked to the regulation of immune function and neuronal signaling. Furthermore, threonine racemase activity has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. The dysregulation of threonine racemase activity has been associated with cellular proliferation, survival, and inflammation, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.'
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Proteins (1)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Serine racemaseA serine racemase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9GZT4]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (9)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
benzoic acidaromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.

benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.

Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.
benzoic acidsalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
glycinealpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid
EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
malonic aciddicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.

malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.
alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acidhuman metabolite
thiophene-3-carboxylic acidthiophene-3-carboxylic acid: structure in first source
3-hydroxy-1-benzopyran-2-one3-hydroxycoumarin: Photoprotective from sea urchin gametes and embryonic cells; structure in first source

hydroxycoumarin : Any coumarin carrying at least one hydroxy substituent.
hydroxycoumarin
tricarballylic acidtricarballylic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid in which one of the beta-hydrogens is substituted by a carboxy group.

tricarballylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd
tricarboxylic acid
crotonic acidbutenoic acid : Any C4, straight-chain fatty acid containing one double bond.

crotonic acid : A but-2-enoic acid with a trans- double bond at C-2. It has been isolated from Daucus carota.

crotonic acid: a stereospecific unsaturated carboxylic acid found in CROTON OIL
2-butenoic acidplant metabolite
3-coumaric acid3-coumaric acid : A monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-3 of the phenyl ring.

3-coumaric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation in Chemline

trans-3-coumaric acid : A 3-coumaric acid that is phenol substituted with trans-2-propenoic acid at position C-3.
3-coumaric acid
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