Page last updated: 2024-10-24

glycine:sodium symporter activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycine(out) + Na+(out) = glycine(in) + Na+(in). [GOC:ai]

Glycine:sodium symporter activity describes the transport of both glycine and sodium ions across a cell membrane. This process is driven by the electrochemical gradient of sodium ions, which are moving down their concentration gradient from a region of high concentration outside the cell to a region of lower concentration inside the cell. As sodium ions move down their gradient, they provide the energy for the co-transport of glycine against its concentration gradient, moving glycine from a region of low concentration to a region of higher concentration. This type of transport is known as secondary active transport, as it relies on the pre-existing electrochemical gradient of another molecule (in this case, sodium) to drive the transport of glycine.

The glycine:sodium symporter is a membrane protein that facilitates this coupled transport. It binds both sodium and glycine molecules, and the binding of sodium triggers a conformational change in the protein that allows glycine to be transported across the membrane. The symporter can operate in both directions, depending on the relative concentrations of sodium and glycine on either side of the membrane.

This activity is crucial for various biological processes, including:

* **Neurotransmission:** Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Glycine:sodium symporters are responsible for reuptake of glycine from the synaptic cleft, ensuring proper termination of glycine-mediated synaptic transmission.
* **Amino acid transport:** Glycine is an essential amino acid used for protein synthesis. Glycine:sodium symporters play a vital role in the uptake of glycine from the gut and its transport into cells for various metabolic processes.
* **Renal function:** Glycine:sodium symporters are involved in the reabsorption of glycine from the urine, contributing to the maintenance of amino acid balance in the body.

Mutations in the genes encoding glycine:sodium symporters can lead to various diseases, including glycine encephalopathy, a severe neurological disorder characterized by seizures, mental retardation, and other developmental problems.'
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Proteins (4)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2A sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9Y345]Homo sapiens (human)
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1A sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P48067]Homo sapiens (human)
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2A sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9Y345]Homo sapiens (human)
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1A sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P48067]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (12)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
glycinealpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid
EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
sarcosinecocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitisN-alkylglycine;
N-alkylglycine zwitterion;
N-methyl-amino acid;
N-methylglycines
Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
glycine transporter 1 inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
hinokininhinokinin : A lignan that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (gamma-butyrolactone) substituted by a 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl group at positions 3 and 4 (the 3R,4R-diastereoisomer).

hinokinin: suppresses expression of both HBsAg and HBeAg
benzodioxoles;
gamma-lactone;
lignan
trypanocidal drug
n-arachidonylglycineN-arachidonoylglycine : Biologically active derivative of anandamide

N-arachidonylglycine: structure in first source
fatty amide;
N-acylglycine
org 24598org 24598: structure in first source
n-oleoylglycineN-oleoylglycine : A fatty acid derivative that is the 9Z-octadecenoyl derivative of glycine. It is believed to be an intermediate in oleamide biosynthesis.

oleoylglycine: long chain fatty acyl glycine
fatty amide;
N-acylglycine 18:1
metabolite
alx 5407biphenyls
palmitoylcarnitineO-palmitoyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine in which the acyl group is specified as palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl).

Palmitoylcarnitine: A long-chain fatty acid ester of carnitine which facilitates the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from cytoplasm into mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.
O-palmitoylcarnitine;
saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
alx 1393ALX 1393: a GlyT2 inhibitor
rg 1678(4-(3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl)(5-methanesulfonyl-2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl)methanone: a GlyT1 inhibitor; structure in first source
n-arachidonoylalanineN-arachidonoyl-L-alanine : An N-acyl-L-alanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-alanine with the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.

N-arachidonoylalanine: inhibits fatty acid amide hydrolase; structure in first source
N-(fatty acyl)-L-alpha-amino acid;
N-acyl-L-alanine
mammalian metabolite
oleoylcarnitine(R)-oleoylcarnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine in which the acyl group is specified as oleoyl.

oleoylcarnitine: adenine nucleotide translocase antagonist; RN given refers to (Z)-(+-)-isomer
monounsaturated fatty acyl-L-carnitineglycine transporter 2 inhibitor;
human metabolite