mannose binding

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Binding to mannose, a monosaccharide hexose, stereoisomeric with glucose, that occurs naturally only in polymerized forms called mannans. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192800981]

Mannose binding is a crucial molecular function that involves the specific recognition and interaction of proteins with mannose residues. These residues are often found as part of complex carbohydrate structures, such as N-linked glycans, which are commonly attached to proteins. Mannose binding proteins play critical roles in a variety of biological processes, including:

- **Cellular recognition and adhesion:** Mannose binding proteins can mediate cell-cell interactions, allowing cells to recognize and adhere to each other. For example, selectins, a family of mannose-binding lectins, are involved in leukocyte rolling and adhesion during inflammation.
- **Immune response:** Mannose binding lectins, such as mannose-binding protein (MBP), are key components of the innate immune system. They recognize and bind to mannose-containing structures on pathogens, triggering the complement cascade and phagocytosis by immune cells.
- **Endocytosis and intracellular trafficking:** Mannose receptors, such as the mannose-6-phosphate receptor, are involved in the sorting and delivery of lysosomal enzymes to their appropriate destinations within cells.
- **Viral infection:** Some viruses, such as HIV, use mannose-binding proteins to attach to and enter host cells.

The molecular basis of mannose binding involves the formation of specific interactions between the protein and the mannose residue. These interactions are typically driven by hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions. The specific amino acid residues involved in mannose binding vary depending on the protein, but often include aromatic residues (e.g., tyrosine, phenylalanine) and polar residues (e.g., asparagine, glutamine).

Mannose binding proteins exhibit a wide range of specificity for mannose residues, depending on the protein and the surrounding environment. Some proteins bind exclusively to mannose, while others show preferences for specific glycosylation patterns. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying mannose binding is crucial for developing new therapies targeting these processes. For example, inhibiting mannose binding could be used to treat viral infections or autoimmune diseases.'
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Proteins (5)

Compounds (9)