Target type: molecularfunction
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + Na+(out) = amino acid(in) + Na+(in). [GOC:ai]
Amino acid:sodium symporter activity refers to the transmembrane transport of amino acids across cell membranes, specifically by coupling the movement of amino acids with the inward movement of sodium ions. This process is driven by the electrochemical gradient of sodium ions, which are typically present at higher concentrations outside the cell. The symporter protein facilitates the simultaneous movement of both amino acids and sodium ions in the same direction, effectively using the energy stored in the sodium gradient to power the transport of amino acids. This mechanism is vital for maintaining cellular homeostasis, nutrient uptake, and overall cell function. It plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including:
* **Nutrient absorption:** The intestinal epithelium utilizes amino acid:sodium symporters to efficiently absorb dietary amino acids from the gut lumen. This process provides the body with essential building blocks for protein synthesis and other vital functions.
* **Cellular uptake:** Many cell types rely on amino acid:sodium symporters to acquire specific amino acids required for their growth, maintenance, and signaling pathways.
* **Neurotransmission:** In the brain, amino acid:sodium symporters play a crucial role in the reuptake of neurotransmitters, ensuring the proper functioning of neuronal communication.
* **Regulation of intracellular amino acid levels:** These transporters help maintain a balance of amino acids within cells, preventing imbalances that could disrupt cellular processes.
In essence, amino acid:sodium symporter activity is an energy-efficient and highly regulated transport mechanism that ensures the proper uptake and distribution of amino acids within the body, playing a critical role in a multitude of biological processes.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2 | A sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9NSD5] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sodium- and chloride-dependent taurine transporter | A sodium- and chloride-dependent taurine transporter that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P31641] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| gamma-aminobutyric acid | gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule |
| beta-alanine | amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid | agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter | |
| 2,3-diaminopropionic acid | 3-aminoalanine : A diamino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an amino group. | alanine derivative; amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid; diamino acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| taurine | amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion | antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite | |
| guvacine | guvacine : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid which has been hydrogenated at the 1-2 and 5-6 positions of the pyridine ring. guvacine: RN given refers to parent cpd | alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; beta-amino acid; pyridine alkaloid; secondary amino compound; tetrahydropyridine | GABA reuptake inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| nipecotic acid | nipecotic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is piperidine in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group. nipecotic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid | |
| n-(1-benzyl-4-piperidinyl)-2,4-dichlorobenzamide | N-(1-benzyl-4-piperidinyl)-2,4-dichlorobenzamide: inhibits the betaine-GABA transporter 1; structure in first source | ||
| 2-ethoxy-N-[1-(phenylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]benzamide | piperidines | ||
| nnc 05-2090 | NNC 05-2090: structure given in first source | carbazoles | |
| snap 5114 |