basal part of cell

Definition

Target type: cellularcomponent

The region of a cell situated near the base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the basal surface rests on the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194]

The basal part of a cell, also known as the basal surface, is the region of the cell that faces away from the lumen or free surface and towards the underlying basement membrane. It plays a crucial role in cell adhesion, signaling, and differentiation. Key cellular components of the basal part include:

1. **Plasma membrane:** This forms the outermost boundary of the cell and acts as a selective barrier, controlling the passage of molecules into and out of the cell. In the basal part, the plasma membrane often contains specialized proteins and receptors involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions.

2. **Cytoskeleton:** A network of protein filaments that provides structural support and allows for cell movement and shape changes. In the basal part, the cytoskeleton is particularly important for anchoring the cell to the basement membrane and maintaining cell polarity.

3. **Adhesive junctions:** These specialized cell junctions connect the basal plasma membrane to the basement membrane. They provide strong mechanical attachment and contribute to the structural integrity of tissues. Examples include hemidesmosomes and focal adhesions.

4. **Basement membrane:** This thin, extracellular matrix layer lies beneath the basal part of cells and acts as a scaffold for cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. It is composed of various proteins, including laminin, collagen, and proteoglycans.

5. **Signal transduction pathways:** The basal part is involved in receiving and transducing signals from the extracellular environment, including the basement membrane. These signals can influence cell growth, differentiation, and survival.

6. **Organelles:** While the basal part is not a primary location for most organelles, some may be present in the basal cytoplasm, such as mitochondria, which provide energy for cellular processes.

7. **Cytoplasm:** This gel-like substance fills the cell and contains the cytosol, organelles, and other components. In the basal part, the cytoplasm may be enriched with specific proteins involved in adhesion and signaling.

8. **Cell polarity:** The basal part is crucial for maintaining cell polarity, which is the asymmetric distribution of cellular components and functions. This is essential for proper cell function and tissue development.

9. **Specialized structures:** Depending on the cell type, the basal part may contain specialized structures such as microvilli, cilia, or other protrusions that enhance cell function.'
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Proteins (4)

Compounds (25)