gamma-aminobutyric acid import

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) into a cell or organelle. [GOC:ai]

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) import is a crucial process for maintaining neuronal function and neurotransmission. It involves the movement of GABA across the cell membrane, primarily into neurons and glial cells, via specific transporter proteins.

The process begins with GABA binding to the transporter protein on the cell membrane. This binding triggers a conformational change in the protein, opening a channel that allows GABA to move from the extracellular space into the cell.

There are two major classes of GABA transporters:

- **GAT-1 (SLC6A1)**: This is the most abundant GABA transporter in the brain, primarily localized on neurons and glial cells. GAT-1 is responsible for the majority of GABA uptake and plays a critical role in regulating synaptic GABA levels.
- **GAT-3 (SLC6A11)**: Found on neurons, GAT-3 contributes to GABA uptake and is involved in regulating GABA levels in specific brain regions.

The import of GABA is a highly regulated process influenced by several factors:

- **Concentration gradient:** GABA moves from an area of high concentration outside the cell to an area of low concentration inside the cell.
- **Membrane potential:** The electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane influences GABA transport.
- **Modulators:** Several molecules can modulate GABA transporter activity, including neurosteroids, benzodiazepines, and certain drugs.

GABA import has significant implications for:

- **Neurotransmission:** By regulating GABA levels in the synapse, transporters play a critical role in controlling inhibitory neurotransmission, which is essential for brain function.
- **Glial function:** GABA uptake by glial cells is important for buffering extracellular GABA levels and regulating neuronal excitability.
- **Pathology:** Dysregulation of GABA transport is implicated in various neurological disorders, including epilepsy, anxiety, and schizophrenia.

Understanding the mechanisms of GABA import is crucial for developing new therapeutic approaches for treating these conditions.'
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Proteins (4)

Compounds (20)