sensory perception of touch

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The series of events required for an organism to receive a touch stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. The perception of touch in animals is mediated by mechanoreceptors in the skin and mucous membranes and is the sense by which contact with objects gives evidence as to certain of their qualities. Different types of touch can be perceived (for example, light, coarse, pressure and tickling) and the stimulus may be external or internal (e.g. the feeling of a full stomach). [GOC:ai]

Sensory perception of touch is a complex process that allows us to interact with the world around us. It involves a series of steps, starting with the detection of mechanical stimuli by specialized sensory receptors in the skin called mechanoreceptors. These receptors are located in different layers of the skin, each sensitive to different types of pressure, vibration, and texture.

When a stimulus is applied to the skin, it deforms the mechanoreceptor, triggering a change in its membrane potential. This change in potential is then converted into an electrical signal, which is transmitted along a sensory nerve fiber to the spinal cord.

From the spinal cord, the signal travels up the ascending sensory pathways to the brainstem and ultimately to the somatosensory cortex, the part of the brain responsible for processing sensory information.

There are different types of mechanoreceptors, each with its own specific function:

* **Merkel cells:** These receptors are located in the epidermis and are responsible for detecting sustained pressure and fine details, like texture.

* **Meissner corpuscles:** These receptors are found in the dermis and are responsible for detecting light touch and vibrations.

* **Pacinian corpuscles:** These receptors are also located in the dermis and are responsible for detecting rapid vibrations and pressure changes.

* **Ruffini endings:** These receptors are located in the dermis and are responsible for detecting stretching and pressure.

The information from these receptors is integrated in the somatosensory cortex, allowing us to perceive the characteristics of the stimulus, such as its location, intensity, and texture. This perception is further influenced by our previous experiences and expectations.

The sense of touch is essential for many everyday activities, including walking, grasping objects, and feeling pain. It also plays a crucial role in social interaction, as touch is an important way to communicate emotions and affection.

In addition to the mechanical stimuli, touch perception is also influenced by other factors, such as temperature and pain. These sensory modalities are also processed in the somatosensory cortex, allowing us to experience the full complexity of touch.'
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Compounds (19)