Target type: biologicalprocess
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. [CL:0000056, GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_muscle]
Myoblast fate commitment is a complex process that involves a series of molecular events that ultimately lead to the differentiation of myoblasts into mature muscle fibers. This process is tightly regulated by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors include transcription factors, signaling pathways, and epigenetic modifications. Extrinsic factors include growth factors, cytokines, and mechanical stimuli. The process begins with the activation of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), a family of transcription factors that are essential for muscle development. These factors include MyoD, Myf5, Myogenin, and MRF4. MRFs bind to specific DNA sequences in the promoters of muscle-specific genes and activate their expression. The activation of MRFs leads to the expression of genes involved in muscle cell fusion, myofibril assembly, and other aspects of muscle differentiation. One key signaling pathway involved in myoblast fate commitment is the Wnt signaling pathway. Wnt signaling can promote both proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. The balance between these two outcomes is regulated by the specific Wnt ligands and receptors involved, as well as the cellular context. Another important signaling pathway involved in myoblast fate commitment is the Notch signaling pathway. Notch signaling can inhibit myoblast differentiation and promote proliferation. This is achieved by inhibiting the expression of MRFs. The process of myoblast fate commitment is also influenced by epigenetic modifications, which include changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications. These modifications can alter gene expression and contribute to the establishment of a muscle cell fate. In addition to intrinsic factors, extrinsic factors also play a critical role in myoblast fate commitment. Growth factors, such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), can stimulate myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-6, can also influence myoblast fate. Finally, mechanical stimuli, such as stretching and compression, can also affect myoblast differentiation. The process of myoblast fate commitment is a tightly regulated and complex process that is essential for muscle development. It is influenced by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, which act together to control the differentiation of myoblasts into mature muscle fibers.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Transcription factor 7-like 2 | A transcription factor 7-like 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9NQB0] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1 | An endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q99814] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone | carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group. Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies. | aromatic ether; hydrazone; nitrile; organofluorine compound | ATP synthase inhibitor; geroprotector; ionophore |
| 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole | 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole: antineoplastic; activates platelet guanylate cyclase; a radiosensitizing agent and guanylate cyclase activator; structure in first source lificiguat : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole which is substituted by a benzyl group at position 1 and a 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl group at position 3. It is an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase and inhibits platelet aggregation. | aromatic primary alcohol; furans; indazoles | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; platelet aggregation inhibitor; soluble guanylate cyclase activator; vasodilator agent |
| strophanthidin | Strophanthidin: 3 beta,5,14-Trihydroxy-19-oxo-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. The aglycone cardioactive agent isolated from Strophanthus Kombe, S. gratus and other species; it is a very toxic material formerly used as digitalis. Synonyms: Apocymarin; Corchorin; Cynotoxin; Corchorgenin. | 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 19-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; cardenolides; steroid aldehyde | |
| cycloheximide | cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis. | antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| emetine | emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties. Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS. | isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline | antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| phenethyl isothiocyanate | phenethyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenethyl group attached to the nitrogen. It is a naturally occurring compound found in some cruciferous vegetables (e.g. watercress) and is known to possess anticancer properties. phenethyl isothiocyanate: a dietary liver aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor; promotes urinary bladder carcinoma | isothiocyanate | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; metabolite |
| topotecan | topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks. Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I. | pyranoindolizinoquinoline | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor |
| salvin | salvin: a biocyclic diterpenoid; from sage and rosemary (Lamiaceae) | abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; catechols; monocarboxylic acid | angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; food preservative; HIV protease inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| toxoflavin | toxoflavin : A pyrimidotriazine that is 1,6-dimethyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine with oxo groups at positions 5 and 7. toxoflavin: azapteridine antibiotic; structure | carbonyl compound; pyrimidotriazine | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; toxin; virulence factor; Wnt signalling inhibitor |
| puupehenone | |||
| cryptopleurine | cryptopleurine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is (14aR)-11,12,13,14,14a,15-hexahydro-9H-dibenzo[f,h]pyrido[1,2-b]isoquinoline substituted at positions 2, 3 and 6 by methoxy groups. cryptopleurine: plant bark alkaloid shown to inhibit protein synthesis; RN given refers to (R)-isomer; structure | alkaloid; alkaloid antibiotic; aromatic ether; organic heteropentacyclic compound | antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| tanshinone | tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent | abietane diterpenoid | anticoronaviral agent |
| aaptamine | aaptamine: natural product from sea sponge Aaptos aaptos; structure given in first source; RN from CA Index Guide 1984 | ||
| xestoquinone | xestoquinone: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (S)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 5/91; isolated from the sea sponge Xestospongia sapra | ||
| tanshinone vi | tanshinone VI: isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza; structure in first source | ||
| cryptotanshinone | cryptotanshinone: from Salvia miltiorrhiza | abietane diterpenoid | anticoronaviral agent |
| tanshinone ii a | tashinone IIA: a cardiovascular agent with antineoplastic activity; isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza; structure in first source | abietane diterpenoid | |
| moracin m | moracin M: has been isolated from Morus alba L.; structure in first source | benzofurans | |
| cercosporin | cercosporin : An organic heterohexacyclic compound that is perylo[1,12-def][1,3]dioxepine-6,11-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 12, by methoxy groups at positions 7 and 10, and by 2-hydroxypropyl groups at positions 8 and 9 (the R,R-stereoisomer). It is a phytotoxin which was first isolated from the pathogenic soybean fungus, Cercospora kikuchii and later found in multiple members of the genus Cercospora. cercosporin: phyytotoxin from Cercospora beticola Sacc; posses photodynamic action on mice, bacteria & plants | ||
| convallatoxin | convallatoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that consists of strophanthidin having a 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl (L-rhamnosyl) group attached at position 3. convallatoxin: PI: *CONVALLARIA (73-79) | 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 19-oxo steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; steroid aldehyde; steroid lactone | metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| latrunculin a | latrunculin A : A bicyclic macrolide natural product consisting of a 16-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica and from the Fiji Islands sponge Cacospongia mycofijiensis. Latrunculin A inhibits actin polymerisation, microfilament organsation and microfilament-mediated processes. latrunculin A: 16-membered macrolide attached to 2-thiazolidinone moiety; from Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica; see also latrunculin B; structure given in first source | cyclic hemiketal; macrolide; oxabicycloalkane; thiazolidinone | actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; toxin |
| mammeisin | neoflavonoid | metabolite | |
| 17-(dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin | 17-(dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin: structure in first source alvespimycin : A 19-membered macrocyle that is geldanamycin in which the methoxy group attached to the benzoquinone moiety has been replaced by a 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethylamino group. | 1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | Hsp90 inhibitor |
| bakuchiol | bakuchiol: chief component of Psoralea corylifolia Linn; structure | ||
| variolin b | variolin B: from Antartic sponge, Kirkpatrickia variolosa; structure in first source | ||
| haliclonadiamine | haliclonadiamine: from an Indonesian sponge Haliclona sp.; structure in first source | ||
| manassantin b | manassantin B : A lignan isolated from Saururus cernuus and Saururus chinensis and has been shown to exhibit antineoplastic activity. manassantin B: isolated from the roots of Saururus chinensis; structure in first source | benzodioxoles; dimethoxybenzene; lignan; oxolanes; secondary alcohol | antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
| ucn 1028 c | calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides | ||
| laurenditerpenol | laurenditerpenol: from the tropical marine alga Laurenciaintricata; potently inhibits HIF-1 mediated hypoxic signaling in breast tumor cells; structure in first source | ||
| Dihydrotanshinone I | dihydrotanshinone I: extracted from Radix Salviae | abietane diterpenoid | anticoronaviral agent |
| 3,4-dimethoxy-n-((2,2-dimethyl-2h-chromen-6-yl)methyl)-n-phenylbenzenesulfonamide | 3,4-dimethoxy-N-((2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)methyl)-N-phenylbenzenesulfonamide: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source | ||
| k-strophanthoside | K-strophanthoside: cardiac glycoside extracted from Strophanthus kombe; sugars (glucose-glucose-cymarose) are bonded with strophanthidin |