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pyridoxal phosphate metabolic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6. [GOC:jl]

Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) metabolic process encompasses a series of interconnected enzymatic reactions that involve the synthesis, interconversion, and degradation of PLP, an essential cofactor for numerous metabolic enzymes. PLP, the active form of vitamin B6, plays a crucial role in a wide range of biological processes, including amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, glycogen metabolism, and heme biosynthesis.

The metabolic pathway of PLP begins with the conversion of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) to pyridoxal, followed by phosphorylation to PLP. This initial step is catalyzed by pyridoxine kinase, an enzyme that utilizes ATP as a phosphate donor. PLP is then utilized by a variety of PLP-dependent enzymes, which catalyze a wide range of reactions, including transamination, decarboxylation, racemization, and elimination.

Transamination reactions involve the transfer of an amino group from one molecule to another. PLP acts as a carrier of the amino group, facilitating the transfer. Decarboxylation reactions remove a carboxyl group from a molecule, typically an amino acid. Racemization reactions involve the conversion of an L-amino acid to its D-isomer. Elimination reactions remove a functional group from a molecule, often resulting in the formation of a double bond.

The degradation of PLP involves the removal of the phosphate group, followed by oxidation to pyridoxic acid. This final step is catalyzed by pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase and pyridoxal oxidase, respectively.

In summary, the pyridoxal phosphate metabolic process involves the synthesis, interconversion, and degradation of PLP, a critical cofactor for numerous enzymes involved in essential biological processes. The pathway involves a series of enzymatic reactions, including phosphorylation, transamination, decarboxylation, racemization, elimination, and oxidation, highlighting the importance of PLP in maintaining cellular homeostasis and supporting various metabolic functions.'
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Proteins (2)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme An alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme that is encoded in the genome of cow. [OMA:P09487, PRO:DNx]Bos taurus (cattle)
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeAn alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P05186]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (14)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
theophyllinedimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
adenosine monophosphateAdenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate
adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
cofactor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
leucineleucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.

Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.
amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid
algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phenylalanineL-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.

phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.

Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.
amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid
algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tryptophantryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.

Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan;
tryptophan zwitterion
antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
homoarginineL-homoarginine : An L-lysine derivative that is the L-enantiomer of homoarginine.homoarginine;
L-lysine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
biomarker;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
rat metabolite;
xenobiotic metabolite
levamisolelevamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.

Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6)
6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
levamisole hydrochlorideorganic molecular entity
1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(1-imidazolyl)ethanonearomatic ketone
1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-[(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)thio]ethanonearomatic ketone
2,5-dimethoxy-n-(quinolin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide2,5-dimethoxy-N-(quinolin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide: a tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase inhibitor; structure in first sourcequinolines
3-nitrobenzaldehyde isonicotinoylhydrazone3-nitrobenzaldehyde isonicotinoylhydrazone: structure in first source
salinazidaromatic carboxylic acid;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid
phthivazide