Page last updated: 2024-10-24
inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol trisphosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with three phosphate groups attached. [GOC:mah]
Inositol trisphosphate (IP3) is a second messenger molecule crucial for various cellular processes, including calcium signaling. Its biosynthesis is a complex pathway initiated by the activation of phospholipase C (PLC), a membrane-bound enzyme. PLC hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), a phospholipid located in the plasma membrane, into two signaling molecules: diacylglycerol (DAG) and IP3. The generated IP3 diffuses through the cytoplasm and binds to IP3 receptors on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to the release of stored calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cytosol. This calcium release triggers downstream signaling events, playing a vital role in a wide range of cellular functions.
The IP3 biosynthetic process is tightly regulated and involves multiple enzymes and pathways. PLC activation is triggered by various extracellular stimuli, including hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors. The specific PLC isoform activated determines the subsequent signaling cascade. Once generated, IP3 is rapidly degraded by inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (IPP5) and 3-kinase, ensuring precise temporal control of signaling.
IP3 signaling is involved in a diverse array of physiological processes, including muscle contraction, neurotransmission, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of IP3 biosynthesis and signaling is implicated in various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders.
In summary, the IP3 biosynthetic process is a critical signaling pathway that involves the generation and degradation of IP3, a second messenger molecule that triggers the release of calcium ions. This pathway plays a fundamental role in regulating diverse cellular processes and is implicated in various physiological and pathological states.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Platelet-activating factor receptor | A mammalian-type platelet-activating factor receptor that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P25105] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (37)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| brotizolam | brotizolam: structure | organic molecular entity | |
| cilostamide | cilostamide: selective inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase & platelet aggregation; structure | quinolines | |
| clotrimazole | conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes | antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic | |
| dephostatin | dephostatin: from Streptomyces sp. MJ742-NF5; structure given in first source | ||
| juglone | juglone : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. A plant-derived 1,4-naphthoquinone with confirmed antibacterial and antitumor activities. juglone: structure | hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone | geroprotector; herbicide; reactive oxygen species generator |
| loratadine | loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders. Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness. | benzocycloheptapyridine; ethyl ester; N-acylpiperidine; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide | anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist |
| mesalamine | mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position. Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed) | amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| etoposide phosphate | |||
| nifedipine | Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. | C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent |
| 1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxy anthraquinone | 1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxy anthraquinone: structure in first source quinalizarin : A tetrahydroxyanthraquinone having the four hydroxy groups at the 1-, 2-, 5- and 8-positions. | tetrahydroxyanthraquinone | EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor |
| purpurin | purpurin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone derived from anthracene by substitution with oxo groups at C-9 and C-10 and with hydroxy groups at C-1, C-2 and C-4. purpurin: from Rubiaceae plants; structure in first source | trihydroxyanthraquinone | biological pigment; histological dye; plant metabolite |
| suramin sodium | suramin sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the hexasodium salt of suramin. It is an FDA approved drug for African sleeping sickness and river blindness. | organic sodium salt | angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug |
| lithocholic acid | lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action. Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic. | bile acid; C24-steroid; monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| chrysophanic acid | chrysophanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #2260 chrysophanol : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity. | dihydroxyanthraquinone | anti-inflammatory agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite |
| ethidium bromide | organic bromide salt | geroprotector; intercalator; trypanocidal drug | |
| daunorubicin | anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola. Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS. | aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones | antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite |
| sch 37370 | N-acetyldesloratadine: dual antagonist of platelet-activating factor and histamine | ||
| ro 24-4736 | Ro 24-4736: structure given in first source; platelet activating factor antagonist | ||
| daunorubicin hydrochloride | anthracycline | ||
| web 2086 | WEB 2086: structure given in first source; PAF antagonist | organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound | |
| pacein | orcein : A variable mixture of several compounds isolated from lichens, the eight most abundant being alpha-aminoorcein, alpha-hydroxyorcein, beta-aminoorcein, gamma-aminoorcein, beta-hydroxyorcein, gamma-hydroxyorcein, beta-aminoorceimine and beta-aminoorceimine (all are phenoxazine-based). It is used for the demonstration of elastic fibres as well as to stain the rough endoplasmic reticulum of hepatitis B infected liver cells. pacein : A member of the class of benzofurans that is dibenzo[b,d]furan-3,7-dione bearing two methyl substituents at positions 1 and 9 as well as two 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylanilino substituents at positions 2 and 8. PAcein: structure | ||
| cv 3988 | CV 3988: platelet activating factor antagonist; structure given in first source | ||
| 1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine | 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis. Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION. | 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent |
| mk 287 | MK 287: RN given refers to the trans-(-)-isomer L-680573; L-680574 is an optical enantiomer; L-668750 is the racemic mixture; structure given in first source | ||
| rupatadine | rupatadine: structure given in first source; RN given refers to trihydrochloride | benzocycloheptapyridine | |
| sdz 64-412 | SDZ 64-412: structure given in first source; PAF antagonist | ||
| doxorubicin hydrochloride | anthracycline | ||
| 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid 2-(1,3-dioxo-2-isoindolyl)ethyl ester | phthalimides | ||
| suramin sodium | suramin(6-) : An organosulfate oxoanion that is the hexanion of suramin resulting from the deprotonation of the six sulfo groups; major species at pH 7.3. | organosulfate oxoanion | |
| gw-5074 | |||
| nf 449 | |||
| ginkgolide b | |||
| ro 24-0238 | Ro 24-0238: PAF antagonist | ||
| l 652731 | |||
| lexipafant | lexipafant: an imidazolyl derivative which forms part of a fused heterocyclic system | ||
| abt 299 | ABT 299: converted in vivo to A-85783.0; a platelet activating factor antagonist; structure in first source | ||
| orvepitant |