triglyceride mobilization

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The release of triglycerides, any triester of glycerol, from storage within cells or tissues, making them available for metabolism. [GOC:mah, PMID:11943743, PMID:15713625]

Triglyceride mobilization is a complex process that involves the breakdown of stored triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol, making them available for energy production. This process primarily occurs in adipose tissue, where triglycerides are stored as lipid droplets.

Here's a detailed breakdown of the steps involved:

1. **Hormonal Signaling:** The process is initiated by hormonal signals, primarily by the hormone **glucagon** released from the pancreas in response to low blood glucose levels. Other hormones like **epinephrine** and **cortisol** can also contribute to triglyceride mobilization.

2. **Activation of Lipases:** The hormones bind to their receptors on the surface of adipocytes (fat cells), triggering a cascade of intracellular events. This leads to the activation of **lipases**, enzymes responsible for hydrolyzing triglycerides. The primary lipase involved is **hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)**.

3. **Hydrolysis of Triglycerides:** HSL acts on triglycerides stored within the lipid droplets, breaking them down into **free fatty acids (FFAs)** and **glycerol**.

4. **Release into Circulation:** The FFAs and glycerol are released from the adipocytes and enter the bloodstream.

5. **Transport and Utilization:** FFAs bind to **albumin** in the bloodstream for transport to various tissues. They can then be used for energy production through **beta-oxidation** in the mitochondria of cells, or for other metabolic processes. Glycerol can be transported to the liver, where it can be used for gluconeogenesis (the production of glucose).

6. **Regulation:** Triglyceride mobilization is tightly regulated to ensure an appropriate balance between energy storage and utilization. Insulin, a hormone released in response to high blood glucose levels, inhibits HSL activity, promoting triglyceride storage instead of breakdown.

In summary, triglyceride mobilization is a crucial process that provides the body with a readily available source of energy during periods of fasting or increased energy demand. It is a complex process regulated by various hormones and enzymes, ensuring appropriate utilization of energy reserves.
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (33)