UMP biosynthetic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UMP, uridine monophosphate. [ISBN:0198506732]

The biosynthesis of uridine monophosphate (UMP), a crucial nucleotide building block for RNA and DNA, is a multi-step process that starts with the precursor molecule ribose-5-phosphate. The process can be broadly divided into two key phases: the synthesis of orotate and the conversion of orotate into UMP.

In the first phase, orotate synthesis begins with the conversion of ribose-5-phosphate to 5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate (PRPP), catalyzed by the enzyme PRPP synthetase. PRPP then reacts with glutamine to form 5-phosphoribosyl-1-amine, a reaction catalyzed by glutamine PRPP amidotransferase. The resulting 5-phosphoribosyl-1-amine undergoes several enzymatic steps involving the addition of glycine, formyl, and carbon dioxide, finally leading to the formation of orotate.

In the second phase, orotate is converted to UMP via a two-step process. First, orotate is converted to orotidine-5'-monophosphate (OMP) by the enzyme orotate phosphoribosyltransferase, which utilizes PRPP as a substrate. Finally, OMP is decarboxylated to UMP by the enzyme orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase.

This entire process is tightly regulated to ensure an adequate supply of UMP for cellular needs. Several feedback mechanisms involving the downstream products of UMP biosynthesis, such as UTP and CTP, regulate the activity of key enzymes in the pathway. Deficiencies in any of the enzymes involved in UMP biosynthesis can lead to various metabolic disorders.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (122)