B cell negative selection

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process leading to negative selection in B cells. Mechanisms of negative selection include anergy and deletion. [GOC:jal]

B cell negative selection is a critical process in the development of a healthy immune system. It eliminates autoreactive B cells, those that recognize and bind to self-antigens, preventing autoimmune diseases. This process occurs in the bone marrow, the primary site of B cell development.

During B cell maturation, immature B cells undergo a series of rearrangements of their immunoglobulin genes, creating a vast repertoire of antigen receptors. These receptors are displayed on the surface of the B cells, allowing them to interact with antigens.

Negative selection occurs when an immature B cell encounters a self-antigen in the bone marrow. This interaction can trigger several outcomes:

1. **Apoptosis (programmed cell death):** If the interaction is strong and persistent, the B cell will undergo apoptosis and be eliminated.

2. **Receptor editing:** In some cases, the B cell can attempt to "edit" its receptor by rearranging its immunoglobulin genes again. This may result in a new receptor that no longer recognizes the self-antigen.

3. **Anergy:** If receptor editing fails or is not possible, the B cell may become anergic. Anergy is a state of unresponsiveness, where the B cell can no longer be activated by its specific antigen.

These mechanisms ensure that only B cells with receptors that recognize foreign antigens are allowed to mature and enter the circulation. This rigorous selection process is essential for maintaining self-tolerance and preventing autoimmune diseases.

The removal of autoreactive B cells is a dynamic process that relies on the presentation of self-antigens by specialized cells in the bone marrow. These cells include stromal cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. They express a diverse range of self-antigens that B cells are exposed to during their development.

Negative selection is a complex and tightly regulated process. It involves a variety of signaling pathways and molecules that control the fate of B cells. Defects in these pathways can lead to autoimmune diseases.

The successful elimination of autoreactive B cells through negative selection is a fundamental aspect of a healthy immune system. This process plays a vital role in preventing the development of autoimmune diseases by ensuring that the immune system does not attack the body's own tissues.'
"

Proteins (2)

Compounds (7)