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aspartic endopeptidase activity, intramembrane cleaving

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain, occurring within a membrane. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]

Aspartic endopeptidase activity, intramembrane cleaving, refers to the catalytic activity of specific aspartic proteases that cleave peptide bonds within the transmembrane region of proteins. These enzymes are characterized by their ability to hydrolyze peptide bonds on the carboxyl side of aspartic acid residues, located within the lipid bilayer. The catalytic mechanism involves a pair of aspartic acid residues within the active site, which coordinate a water molecule for nucleophilic attack on the peptide bond. The intramembrane location of the cleavage site distinguishes this activity from other aspartic protease activities that occur in the aqueous environment. This activity plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including protein trafficking, signal transduction, and membrane protein maturation. For instance, presenilin, a key component of the γ-secretase complex, exhibits intramembrane aspartic endopeptidase activity, which is responsible for the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) within the transmembrane domain, generating amyloid-β peptides implicated in Alzheimer's disease. In addition, other intramembrane aspartic proteases, such as signal peptide peptidase (SPP), are involved in the processing of transmembrane proteins, removing signal sequences and facilitating their proper insertion into the membrane. The specific recognition and cleavage of substrates within the membrane environment highlights the unique role of intramembrane aspartic endopeptidases in maintaining cellular integrity and function.'
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Proteins (5)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Signal peptide peptidase-like 2AA signal peptide peptidase-like 2A that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8TCT8]Homo sapiens (human)
Presenilin-2A presenilin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P49810]Homo sapiens (human)
NicastrinA nicastrin that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q92542]Homo sapiens (human)
Signal peptide peptidase-like 2AA signal peptide peptidase-like 2A that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8TCT8]Homo sapiens (human)
Presenilin-1A presenilin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P49768]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (22)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
tocopheroxy radicaltocopheroxy radical: RN given refers to radical ion (1+), (2R-(2R*(4R*,8R*)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 12/90tocopherol
7-amino-4-chloro-3-methoxy-2-benzopyran-1-oneisocoumarins
tarenflurbiltarenflurbil: R-enantiomer of flurbiprofen but not a COX inhibitor; modulates NF-kB, gamma-secretase, amyloid beta-protein;flurbiprofen
cholanic acid5beta-cholanic acids;
cholanic acid
t0901317T0901317: an LXRalpha and LXRbeta agonist
n-(n-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)alanyl)phenylglycine tert-butyl esterDAPT : A dipeptide consisting of alanylphenylglycine derivatised as a 3,5-difluorophenylacetamide at the amino terminal and a tert-butyl ester at the carboxy terminal. A gamma-secretase inhibitor.carboxylic ester;
difluorobenzene;
dipeptide;
tert-butyl ester
EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor
sulindac sulfidesulindac sulfide : An aryl sulfide that is a metabolite of sulindac. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which also has anticancer activity.

sulindac sulfide: sulfated analog of indomethacin & inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis in vitro; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source
aryl sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
l 685458L 685458: a gamma-secretase inhibitor; structure in first source

L-685,458 : A peptide and carboxamide that is L-leucyl-L-phenylalaninamide, L-Leu-L-Phe-NH2, which has been acylated on the N-terminus by a Phe-Phe hydroxyethylene dipeptide isotere, 2R-benzyl-5S-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4R-hydroxy-6-phenylhexanoic acid. Compounds based on the structure of L-685,458 are potent inhibitors of gamma-secretase, which mediates the final catalytic step that generates the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta), which assembles into the neurotoxic aggregates in the brains of sufferers of Alzheimer's disease.
carbamate ester;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
peptide;
secondary alcohol
EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor;
peptidomimetic
mk 0752
ly 450139peptide
chf 50741-(3',4'-dichloro-2-fluoro(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid: a beta-amyloid(1-42) lowering agent; structure in first source
ly 411575dibenzoazepine;
difluorobenzene;
lactam;
secondary alcohol
EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor
4-(2-((1r)-1-(((4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl)-2,5-difluoroanilino)ethyl)-5-fluorophenyl)butanoic acidsulfonamide
begacestat
e 2012
mrk 560MRK 560: a gamma-secretase inhibitor; MRK-560 is the (cis)-isomer; structure in first source
1, 3-di-(n-carboxybenzoyl-leucyl-leucyl)amino acetone1, 3-di-(N-carboxybenzoyl-leucyl-leucyl)amino acetone: structure in first source
pf 3084014nirogacestat : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole substituted by a 1-[(2,2-dimethylpropyl)amino]-2-methylpropan-2-yl group at position 1 and a {N-[(2S)-6,8-difluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl]-L-norvalyl}amino group at position 4. It is a gamma-secretase inhibitor whose hydrobromide salt is indicated for adult patients with progressing desmoid tumours who require systemic treatment.

nirogacestat: an antineoplastic agent
bms 708163BMS 708163: structure in first sourceoxadiazole;
ring assembly
ro 4929097dibenzoazepine;
dicarboxylic acid diamide;
lactam;
organofluorine compound
EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor
jnj 40418677
(r)-4-cyclopropyl-7,8-difluoro-5-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenylsulfonyl)-4,5-dihydro-1h-pyrazolo(4,3-c)quinoline(R)-4-cyclopropyl-7,8-difluoro-5-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenylsulfonyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo(4,3-c)quinoline: gamma secretase inhibitor; structure in first source