Target type: molecularfunction
Enables the transfer of alpha-glucosides from one side of a membrane to the other. Alpha-glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue, and the anomeric carbon of the bond is in an alpha configuration. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_transport, http://www.biochem.purdue.edu/, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0815340729]
Alpha-glucoside transmembrane transporter activity describes the process by which a protein embedded within a cell membrane facilitates the movement of alpha-glucosides across the membrane. Alpha-glucosides are sugar molecules, such as glucose, maltose, and sucrose, that possess an alpha-linked glycosidic bond. This type of transport is crucial for various cellular functions, including:
* **Nutrient uptake:** Alpha-glucoside transporters play a pivotal role in the uptake of glucose and other sugars from the extracellular environment into cells. This is essential for energy production and various metabolic processes.
* **Cellular signaling:** Some alpha-glucosides, like glucose, serve as signaling molecules. Transporters ensure their proper distribution and uptake into cells for signal transduction pathways.
* **Glycogen metabolism:** In the liver and muscle tissues, alpha-glucoside transporters facilitate the movement of glucose into cells for glycogen synthesis and storage.
* **Waste product elimination:** Some alpha-glucoside transporters may be involved in the removal of waste products from the cell, such as the excretion of excess sugars.
The molecular mechanism underlying alpha-glucoside transmembrane transporter activity involves several key steps:
1. **Binding of alpha-glucoside:** The transporter protein possesses a specific binding site for alpha-glucosides. This site exhibits high affinity and selectivity for the target molecule.
2. **Conformational change:** Upon binding, the transporter undergoes a conformational change, altering its shape to allow the alpha-glucoside to move across the membrane.
3. **Translocation:** The alpha-glucoside is translocated across the membrane, from the extracellular to the intracellular environment, or vice versa.
4. **Release and reset:** The transporter protein releases the alpha-glucoside into the intracellular or extracellular space and returns to its original conformation, ready for another cycle.
Alpha-glucoside transmembrane transporter activity is a fundamental process in cellular physiology, ensuring the proper transport and utilization of essential sugars. Dysregulation of this activity can lead to various metabolic disorders, highlighting its importance in maintaining cellular homeostasis.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 | A sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P31639] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 | A sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P13866] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| phloretin | dihydrochalcones | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite | |
| phlorhizin | aryl beta-D-glucoside; dihydrochalcones; monosaccharide derivative | antioxidant; plant metabolite | |
| vexibinol | sophoraflavanone G : A tetrahydroxyflavanone having a structure of naringenin bearing an additional hydroxyl substituent at position 2' as well as a (2R)-5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hex-4-en-1-yl (lavandulyl) substituent at position 8'. vexibinol: flavanol from Sophora; structure in first source; RN given refers to (S-(R*,S*))-isomer | (2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; tetrahydroxyflavanone | antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| 2',4',6'-Trihydroxydihydrochalcone | chalcones | ||
| 2',4',6'-trihydroxychalcone | pinocembrin chalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2', 4' and 6' respectively. pinocembrin chalcone: isolated from Helichrysum trilineatum; structure in first source | chalcones | antifungal agent; plant metabolite |
| sergliflozin etabonate | sergliflozin: a hypoglycemic agent that inhibits SGLT2 sodium-glucose transporter; structure in first source | glycoside | |
| remogliflozin etabonate | remogliflozin etabonate: orally administered hypoglycemic agent; structure in first source | glycoside | |
| dapagliflozin | aromatic ether; C-glycosyl compound; monochlorobenzenes | hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor | |
| ipragliflozin | glycoside | ||
| empagliflozin | aromatic ether; C-glycosyl compound; monochlorobenzenes; tetrahydrofuryl ether | hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor | |
| 1,5-anhydro-1-(5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-2-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)-1-thioglucitol | diarylmethane | ||
| nothofagin | nothofagin: a dihydrochalcone | ||
| canagliflozin | canagliflozin hydrate : A hydrate that is the hemihydrate form of canagliflozin. Used for treatment of type II diabetes via inhibition of sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2. | C-glycosyl compound; organofluorine compound; thiophenes | hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor |
| pf 04971729 | ertugliflozin: structure in first source | diarylmethane | |
| deberza | 2-benzofurans |