Page last updated: 2024-10-24

3'-5' exonuclease activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' end. [GOC:ai]

3'-5' exonuclease activity is a critical enzymatic function that plays a vital role in DNA replication, repair, and recombination. It involves the removal of nucleotides from the 3' end of a nucleic acid strand in a 3' to 5' direction. This activity is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the genome by: 1) Removing mismatched nucleotides during DNA replication, ensuring accurate copying of the genetic information. 2) Repairing damaged DNA by excising damaged nucleotides from the 3' end. 3) Processing DNA ends during recombination, preparing them for ligation and the formation of new DNA molecules. 4) Regulating the length of DNA strands by trimming them to the correct size. This activity is essential for maintaining the stability and integrity of the genetic code.'
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Proteins (5)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Ribonuclease TA ribonuclease T that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P30014]Escherichia coli K-12
Werner syndrome ATP-dependent helicaseA bifunctional 3-5 exonuclease/ATP-dependent helicase WRN that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q14191]Homo sapiens (human)
DNA polymerase subunit gamma-1A DNA polymerase subunit gamma-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P54098]Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonucleaseA DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P27695]Homo sapiens (human)
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase AA nucleoside diphosphate kinase A that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P15531]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (26)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
citric acid, anhydrouscitric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.

Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.
tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
aurintricarboxylic acidaurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.

Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
quinomethanes;
tricarboxylic acid
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist
hycanthonehycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.

Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.
thioxanthenesmutagen;
schistosomicide drug
dithionitrobenzoic aciddithionitrobenzoic acid : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. An indicator used to quantify the number or concentration of thiol groups.

Dithionitrobenzoic Acid: A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.
nitrobenzoic acid;
organic disulfide
indicator
lucanthonelucanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. Formerly used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. It is a prodrug, being metabolised to hycanthone.

Lucanthone: One of the SCHISTOSOMICIDES, it has been replaced largely by HYCANTHONE and more recently PRAZIQUANTEL. (From Martindale The Extrapharmacopoeia, 30th ed., p46)
thioxanthenesadjuvant;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
mutagen;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
schistosomicide drug
mitoxantrone hydrochloridehydrochlorideantineoplastic agent
7-nitro-1h-indole-2-carboxylic acid7-nitro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid: acts on AP endonuclease, 3'-phosphodiesterase, and 3'-phosphatase activities of APE1; structure in first source
3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl
6-hydroxydopa6-hydroxydopa: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designationnon-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
thymidine 5'-diphosphatedTDP : A thymidine phosphate having a diphosphate group at the 5'-position.

thymidine 5'-diphosphate: see also record for thymidine 3',5'-diphosphate, RN 2863-04-9
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate;
thymidine phosphate
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
tanshinone ii atashinone IIA: a cardiovascular agent with antineoplastic activity; isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza; structure in first sourceabietane diterpenoid
TTPpyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate
aphidicolinaphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication.

Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.
tetracyclic diterpenoidantimicrobial agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
apoptosis inducer;
Aspergillus metabolite;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite
1,3,6-trimethylpyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine-5,7-dionepyrimidotriazine
1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(5-pyridin-4-yl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ureaureas
2-[[5-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]methylidene]propanedioic acid diethyl esterindoles
1,6-dimethyl-3-propylpyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine-5,7-dionepyrimidotriazine
myricetin7-hydroxyflavonol;
hexahydroxyflavone
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
food component;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
ag 538AG 538: an IGF-1 receptor kinase inhibitor; structure in first source
e 3330E 3330: structure given in first source; MW 378.47
N-[3-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-c]pyrrol-2-yl]acetamidebenzothiazoles
1-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(5-pyridin-4-yl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ureaureas
deoxyguanosine triphosphatedeoxyguanosine phosphate;
guanyl deoxyribonucleotide;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate
Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiolactomycinthiolactomycin: from actinomycetes; structure given in first source
acyclovir triphosphate
galloflavingalloflavin: structure in first source