Page last updated: 2024-10-24

double-stranded DNA exodeoxyribonuclease activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' or 3' terminus of a double-stranded DNA molecule. [GOC:mah]

Double-stranded DNA exodeoxyribonuclease activity is a critical molecular function involved in DNA repair, replication, and recombination. This activity refers to the ability of an enzyme to degrade double-stranded DNA from its 3' to 5' end, removing nucleotides one at a time. This activity is essential for various cellular processes:

1. DNA Repair: Exonucleases are crucial for removing damaged or mismatched nucleotides from DNA, ensuring the integrity of the genetic code. They can correct errors introduced during replication or due to environmental factors.

2. DNA Replication: During DNA replication, exonucleases proofread the newly synthesized DNA strand, removing any incorrectly incorporated nucleotides. This activity ensures the fidelity of DNA replication.

3. DNA Recombination: Exonucleases participate in homologous recombination, a process that repairs double-strand DNA breaks using a homologous template. They degrade the 5' ends of the broken DNA strand, creating single-stranded tails that can invade the homologous template.

4. Other Cellular Processes: Exonucleases are also involved in other cellular processes, including telomere maintenance, DNA metabolism, and the regulation of gene expression.

The specific mechanisms and roles of exonucleases vary depending on the enzyme and its cellular context. However, their fundamental activity of degrading DNA from its 3' to 5' end is essential for maintaining genomic stability and proper cellular function.'
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Proteins (2)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Flap endonuclease 1A flap endonuclease 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx]Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonucleaseA DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P27695]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (20)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
aurintricarboxylic acidaurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.

Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
quinomethanes;
tricarboxylic acid
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist
hycanthonehycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.

Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.
thioxanthenesmutagen;
schistosomicide drug
lucanthonelucanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. Formerly used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. It is a prodrug, being metabolised to hycanthone.

Lucanthone: One of the SCHISTOSOMICIDES, it has been replaced largely by HYCANTHONE and more recently PRAZIQUANTEL. (From Martindale The Extrapharmacopoeia, 30th ed., p46)
thioxanthenesadjuvant;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
mutagen;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
schistosomicide drug
mitoxantrone hydrochloridehydrochlorideantineoplastic agent
7-nitro-1h-indole-2-carboxylic acid7-nitro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid: acts on AP endonuclease, 3'-phosphodiesterase, and 3'-phosphatase activities of APE1; structure in first source
n-hydroxynaphthalimideN-hydroxynaphthalimide: structure in first source
3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl
6-hydroxydopa6-hydroxydopa: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designationnon-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
tanshinone ii atashinone IIA: a cardiovascular agent with antineoplastic activity; isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza; structure in first sourceabietane diterpenoid
3-hydroxy-quinazoline-2,4-dione3-hydroxy-quinazoline-2,4-dione: structure in first source
1,3,6-trimethylpyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine-5,7-dionepyrimidotriazine
4-phenyl-4-oxo-2-hydroxybuten-2-oic acid2,4-dioxo-4-phenylbutanoic acid: structure in first source
2-[[5-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]methylidene]propanedioic acid diethyl esterindoles
1,6-dimethyl-3-propylpyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine-5,7-dionepyrimidotriazine
myricetin7-hydroxyflavonol;
hexahydroxyflavone
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
food component;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
ag 538AG 538: an IGF-1 receptor kinase inhibitor; structure in first source
e 3330E 3330: structure given in first source; MW 378.47
N-[3-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-c]pyrrol-2-yl]acetamidebenzothiazoles
thiolactomycinthiolactomycin: from actinomycetes; structure given in first source
galloflavingalloflavin: structure in first source