Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 superoxide + 2 H+ = O2 + hydrogen peroxide. [EC:1.15.1.1, GOC:vw, PMID:15064408]
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity is a critical enzymatic function that plays a pivotal role in mitigating oxidative stress by catalyzing the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2-) into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and molecular oxygen (O2). Superoxide radicals are highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated as byproducts of normal cellular metabolism, particularly in mitochondria during oxidative phosphorylation. The accumulation of superoxide radicals can lead to significant damage to cellular components such as lipids, proteins, and DNA, contributing to various pathologies including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammation.
SOD enzymes utilize a variety of catalytic mechanisms to facilitate this dismutation reaction. Some SODs, like copper-zinc SOD (CuZnSOD) found in the cytoplasm, utilize copper and zinc ions as cofactors to alternate between oxidized and reduced states. Others, such as manganese SOD (MnSOD) located in mitochondria, employ manganese ions to achieve the same result.
The dismutation of superoxide radicals by SOD enzymes effectively eliminates these damaging reactive species, preventing oxidative stress and its associated pathologies. This essential function underscores the critical role of SOD activity in maintaining cellular homeostasis and protecting against oxidative damage.'
"
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| NAD | An NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P15559] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] | A superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P00441] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4'-bromoflavone | 4'-bromoflavone: structure in first source | ||
| beta-naphthoflavone | beta-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the f side of flavone. beta-Naphthoflavone: A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308) | extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound | aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist |
| beta-lapachone | beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase | benzochromenone; orthoquinones | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| vitamin k 3 | Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo. | 1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical |
| sulforaphane | sulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen. sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L. | isothiocyanate; sulfoxide | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine methyl ester | peptide | ||
| c 1303 | C 1303: DNa-binding drug; structure given indicates that the cpd should be the dimethylamino cpd, but it is named as the diethylamino cpd | ||
| nsc 366140 | NSC 366140: a 9-methoxypyrazoloacridine; structure given in first source | ||
| 5-methoxy-1,2-dimethyl-3-((4-nitrophenoxy)methyl)indole-4,7-dione | 5-methoxy-1,2-dimethyl-3-((4-nitrophenoxy)methyl)indole-4,7-dione: structure in first source | ||
| bisantrene | |||
| 4,3',5'-tri-o-methylpiceatannol | |||
| memoquin | memoquin: structure in first source | ||
| dicumarol | Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases. | hydroxycoumarin | anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist |
| ethyl biscoumacetate | Ethyl Biscoumacetate: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. It has actions similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p226) | hydroxycoumarin | |
| nsc 158393 | NSC 158393: structure given in first source |