Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) = ADP + pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) phosphate. [EC:2.7.11.2]
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase activity is a crucial enzymatic function that regulates the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). The PDC is a multi-enzyme complex responsible for the conversion of pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis, into acetyl-CoA, a key substrate for the citric acid cycle. This activity plays a central role in cellular energy production and metabolism.
The pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) enzymes are responsible for the phosphorylation of the E1α subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Phosphorylation of E1α inhibits the activity of the PDC by reducing its ability to bind to and process pyruvate. This regulatory mechanism ensures that the flux of pyruvate into the citric acid cycle is controlled according to the metabolic needs of the cell.
PDK activity is influenced by factors such as the availability of ATP, NADH, and acetyl-CoA. High levels of these metabolites, which indicate an adequate supply of energy, inhibit PDK activity, thus promoting PDC activity. Conversely, low levels of ATP, NADH, and acetyl-CoA activate PDK, leading to the inactivation of the PDC. This reciprocal regulation ensures that the cell efficiently utilizes its energy resources.
In summary, pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase activity is a critical regulatory mechanism that controls the flux of pyruvate into the citric acid cycle by phosphorylating and inhibiting the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. This activity is tightly regulated by the cellular energy state, ensuring that the cell efficiently produces and utilizes energy.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| [Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 4, mitochondrial | A [pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 4, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q16654] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| [Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 3, mitochondrial | A [pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 3, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q15120] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| [Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 2, mitochondrial | A [pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 2, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q15119] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| [Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 1, mitochondrial | A [pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 1, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q15118] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| nu6102 | NU6102: structure in first source | ||
| dichloroacetic acid | monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | astringent; marine metabolite | |
| dibenzothiazyl disulfide | dibenzothiazol-2-yl disulfide : An organic disulfide resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol groups of two molecules of 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol. It is used as an accelerator in the rubber industry. dibenzothiazyl disulfide: vulcanizing accelerant | benzothiazoles; organic disulfide | allergen |
| nandrolone | nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17. Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position. | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid | human metabolite |
| abietic acid | abietic acid : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-7,13-diene substituted by a carboxy group at position 18. | abietane diterpenoid; monocarboxylic acid | plant metabolite |
| staurosporine | indolocarbazole alkaloid; organic heterooctacyclic compound | apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; geroprotector | |
| dehydroabietylamine | dehydroabietylamine: has antimalarial activity; structure in first source | diterpenoid | |
| birb 796 | aromatic ether; morpholines; naphthalenes; pyrazoles; ureas | EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator | |
| zeneca zd 6169 | Zeneca ZD 6169: an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener; structure given in first source | ||
| 2-oxindole | 2-oxindole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure indolin-2-one : An indolinone carrying an oxo group at position 2. | gamma-lactam; indolinone | |
| 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime | 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime : A member of the class of biindoles that is indirubin substituted at position 6 by a bromo group and in which the keto group at position 3' has undergone condensation with hydroxylamine to form the corresponding oxime. 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime: structure in first source | ||
| sodium dichloroacetate | CPC 211: for intravenous use in patients with closed head injuries and stroke patients; no further information available 12/99 | ||
| monorden | monorden: inhibits HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins, DNA topoisomerase VI and human Topoisomerase II | cyclic ketone; enone; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monochlorobenzenes; phenols | antifungal agent; metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| norethisterone-3-oxime | |||
| tofacitinib | tofacitinib : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by an N-methyl,N-(1-cyanoacetyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl)amino moiety. Used as its citrate salt to treat moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis. | N-acylpiperidine; nitrile; pyrrolopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound | antirheumatic drug; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor |
| ly2090314 | LY-2090314 : A member of the class of diazepinoindoles that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro[1,4]diazepino[6,7,1-hi]indole substituted by piperidin-1-ylcarbonyl, 4-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl and fluoro groups at position 2, 7 and 9, respectively. It is a potent ATP-competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) with IC50 values of 1.5 nM and 0.9 nM for GSK-3alpha and GSK-3beta. The drug is in clinical development for the treatment of advanced/metastatic cancer. | diazepinoindole; imidazopyridine; maleimides; monofluorobenzenes; piperidinecarboxamide; ureas | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; Wnt signalling activator |
| bx795 | BX795: structure in first source | ureas | |
| sotrastaurin | sotrastaurin : A member of the class of maleimides that is maleimide which is substituted at position 3 by an indol-3-yl group and at position 4 by a quinazolin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted at position 2 by a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase C and has been investigated as an immunosuppresant in renal transplant patients. sotrastaurin: a potent protein kinase C-selective inhibitor; structure in first source | indoles; maleimides; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines | anticoronaviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent |
| l 783277 | |||
| at 7519 | 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzamido)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide : A member of the class of pryrazoles that is 4-amino-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid in which the primary amino group has been acylated by a 2,6-dichlorobenzoyl group and in which the carboxylic acid has been converted into a carboxamide by formal condensation with the primary amino group of 4-aminopiperidine. | dichlorobenzene; piperidines; pyrazoles; secondary carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor |
| gw 2580 | 5-(3-methoxy-4-((4-methoxybenzyl)oxy)benzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine: a cFMS kinase inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| 4-[2-(2-chloro-4-fluoroanilino)-5-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl]-N-[(1S)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide | Vx-11e: ERK1-2 inhibitor | aromatic amide; heteroarene | |
| pha 767491 | PHA 767491: a Cdc7 inhibitor; structure in first source | pyrrolopyridine | |
| azd 7545 | AZD 7545: an anilide tertiary carbinol; a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 inhibitor AZD7545 : A sulfone that is benzene substituted by [4-(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]sulfonyl, chloro and [(2R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl]amino groups at positions 1, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a potent and non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDHK2) with IC50 of 6.4 nM and exhibits glucose-lowering activity. Also inhibits PDHK1 at higher levels (IC50 = 36.8 nM). | benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; secondary carboxamide; sulfone; tertiary alcohol; tertiary carboxamide | EC 2.7.11.2 - [pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent |
| mrt67307 | MRT67307: IKK (IκB(inhibitor of NF-κB (nuclear factor κB)) kinase) family inhibitor; structure in first source | aromatic amine | |
| pha 793887 | piperidinecarboxamide | ||
| gsk 2334470 | GSK 2334470: a PDK1 inhibitor; structure in first source | indazoles | |
| nms p937 | NMS P937: a polo-like kinase 1 inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| ver-246608 | VER-246608: inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase; structure in first source | ||
| at 9283 | |||
| nms-e973 | NMS-E973: structure in first source |