alpha-amylase activity
Definition
Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides containing three or more alpha-(1->4)-linked D-glucose units. [PMID:12527308]
Alpha-amylase activity refers to the enzymatic hydrolysis of alpha-1,4-glycosidic linkages in starch, glycogen, and related polysaccharides. This hydrolysis breaks down these complex carbohydrates into smaller units, primarily maltose and dextrins. Alpha-amylase acts randomly along the starch chain, producing a mixture of products with varying degrees of polymerization. The enzyme is highly specific for alpha-1,4 linkages, meaning it does not cleave alpha-1,6 linkages found in branched polysaccharides like amylopectin. This specificity is crucial for the efficient digestion of dietary starches and the release of glucose as a source of energy. Alpha-amylase plays a central role in carbohydrate digestion in various organisms, including humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms. Its activity is influenced by factors such as pH, temperature, and the presence of inhibitors.'
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Proteins (3)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Pancreatic alpha-amylase | An alpha-amylase 2A that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P04746] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Alpha-amylase 1A | A protein that is a translation product of the AMY1A gene in human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0DUB6] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Pancreatic alpha-amylase | An alpha-amylase 2A that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P04746] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (12)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| acarbose | tetrasaccharide derivative | EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent | |
| epigallocatechin gallate | (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin. epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis) | flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose | 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose : A galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having five galloyl groups in the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-positions. pentagalloylglucose: pentahydroxy gallic acid ester of glucose; a phytogenic antineoplastic agent and antibacterial agent | gallate ester; galloyl beta-D-glucose | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite; radiation protective agent; radical scavenger |
| acarbose | amino cyclitol; glycoside | ||
| 4-(4-(4-chloro-phenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)phenol | substituted aniline | ||
| cholecystokinin (27-33), tert-butyloxycarbonyl-nle(28,31)- | cholecystokinin (27-33), tert-butyloxycarbonyl-Nle(28,31)-: cholecystokinin agonist | ||
| quercetin | 7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger | |
| luteolin | 3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone | angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist | |
| fisetin | 3'-hydroxyflavonoid; 7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; metabolite; plant metabolite | |
| myricetin | 7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite | |
| quercetagetin | quercetagetin : A hexahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 6, 7, 3' and 4' respectively. quercetagetin: structure given in first source; inhibits aldose reductase in rat lens | flavonols; hexahydroxyflavone | antioxidant; antiviral agent; plant metabolite |
| scutellarein | scutellarein : Flavone substituted with hydroxy groups at C-4', -5, -6 and -7. scutellarein: aglycone of scutellarin from Scutellaria baicalensis; carthamidin is 2S isomer of scutellarein; do not confuse with isoscutellarein and/or isocarthamidin which are respective regioisomers, or with the scutelarin protein | tetrahydroxyflavone | metabolite |