negative regulation of response to oxidative stress

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to oxidative stress. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:kmv, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:16899554]

Negative regulation of response to oxidative stress is a crucial biological process that protects cells from the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are highly reactive molecules that can damage cellular components such as DNA, proteins, and lipids. To mitigate these harmful effects, cells employ a complex network of regulatory mechanisms to control the levels of ROS and minimize their detrimental impact. This regulatory process involves multiple steps, including:

1. **Sensing Oxidative Stress:** Cells possess specialized sensor proteins that detect the presence of ROS. These sensors often belong to redox-sensitive signaling pathways, such as the Nrf2 pathway, which are activated by ROS accumulation.

2. **Activation of Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms:** Upon sensing oxidative stress, cells activate a battery of antioxidant defense mechanisms. These include:

* **Enzymatic Antioxidant Systems:** Cells produce enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase that directly detoxify ROS by converting them to less harmful molecules.

* **Non-enzymatic Antioxidant Systems:** Cells also utilize non-enzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione, vitamins C and E, and flavonoids to scavenge ROS and protect cellular components.

3. **Regulation of ROS Production:** Cells can also regulate the production of ROS itself. This can involve downregulating enzymes like NADPH oxidase, which generates ROS as a byproduct of cellular processes, or upregulating enzymes like glutathione reductase, which maintains reduced glutathione levels necessary for antioxidant defense.

4. **Repair and Removal of Damaged Components:** Oxidative stress can damage cellular components, leading to cellular dysfunction. Cells have mechanisms to repair damaged DNA, proteins, and lipids, and to remove damaged components through autophagy or proteasomal degradation.

5. **Induction of Adaptive Responses:** In response to prolonged oxidative stress, cells can induce adaptive responses to enhance their resistance. This includes upregulation of antioxidant defense genes, increased expression of chaperone proteins, and activation of stress-responsive signaling pathways.

Negative regulation of response to oxidative stress plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and protecting cells from oxidative damage. By effectively controlling ROS levels and their detrimental effects, this intricate regulatory process ensures the proper functioning of cells and the overall health of the organism.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (14)