positive regulation of hair follicle development
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle development. [GOC:ai]
Positive regulation of hair follicle development is a complex and precisely orchestrated process that involves a cascade of signaling pathways and interactions between various cell types within the hair follicle. This process ensures the proper formation and cycling of hair follicles, ultimately contributing to the growth and maintenance of hair.
The initiation of hair follicle development begins with the formation of a placode, a thickened patch of epithelial cells in the epidermis. The placode invaginates into the underlying mesenchyme, forming a hair germ. The hair germ then differentiates into the various cell lineages that will ultimately form the hair follicle.
Several signaling pathways are crucial for the initiation and development of the hair follicle. These include:
- Wnt signaling pathway: This pathway is essential for the formation of the placode and the induction of hair follicle development. Wnt proteins, secreted signaling molecules, bind to their receptors on the surface of epithelial cells, activating downstream signaling cascades that regulate gene expression.
- BMP signaling pathway: This pathway plays a role in controlling the size and shape of the hair follicle. BMPs, a family of secreted signaling molecules, bind to their receptors on the surface of cells, triggering intracellular signaling pathways that regulate gene expression.
- Shh signaling pathway: This pathway is important for the differentiation of the hair follicle cells. Sonic hedgehog (Shh), a secreted signaling molecule, binds to its receptor on the surface of cells, activating downstream signaling cascades that regulate gene expression.
- FGF signaling pathway: This pathway is involved in the proliferation and differentiation of the hair follicle cells. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), a family of secreted signaling molecules, bind to their receptors on the surface of cells, triggering intracellular signaling pathways that regulate gene expression.
In addition to these signaling pathways, several transcription factors are crucial for hair follicle development. These transcription factors bind to specific DNA sequences, regulating the expression of genes involved in hair follicle formation.
- Hairless (Hr) transcription factor: This factor is essential for the initiation of hair follicle development. Hr binds to specific DNA sequences, regulating the expression of genes involved in placode formation.
- Lef1 transcription factor: This factor is important for the development of the hair follicle and its growth. Lef1 binds to specific DNA sequences, regulating the expression of genes involved in hair follicle morphogenesis and hair growth.
- Klf4 transcription factor: This factor is essential for the differentiation of the hair follicle cells. Klf4 binds to specific DNA sequences, regulating the expression of genes involved in hair follicle cell differentiation.
After the initiation of hair follicle development, the follicle goes through a cyclical process of growth, regression, and resting phases, known as the hair cycle. The hair cycle is regulated by a complex interplay of hormones, growth factors, and signaling pathways.
The hair cycle consists of three distinct phases:
- Anagen: The growth phase, characterized by active proliferation and differentiation of hair follicle cells, leading to the production of hair.
- Catagen: The regression phase, during which the hair follicle shrinks and the hair shaft detaches from the follicle.
- Telogen: The resting phase, during which the hair follicle remains quiescent until the next anagen phase begins.
The positive regulation of hair follicle development involves the precise activation and modulation of these signaling pathways and transcription factors, ensuring the proper formation, growth, and cycling of hair follicles. Any disruption in these processes can lead to hair loss or other hair follicle abnormalities.
It is important to note that the complexity of hair follicle development necessitates further research to fully understand the intricate molecular mechanisms involved. However, the current understanding of these processes provides valuable insights into the regulation of hair growth and offers potential targets for the development of therapeutic strategies for hair loss and other hair follicle disorders.'
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Proteins (2)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Heparanase | A heparanase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9Y251] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Tumor necrosis factor | A tumor necrosis factor that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (28)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| astemizole | astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position. Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects. | benzimidazoles; piperidines | anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; H1-receptor antagonist |
| cisapride | cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere. Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed) | benzamides | |
| labetalol | 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure. Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. | benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | |
| mesalamine | mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position. Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed) | amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| way 151693 | |||
| pentoxifylline | oxopurine | ||
| 4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone | 4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone: Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases. | methoxybenzenes | |
| rolipram | pyrrolidin-2-ones | antidepressant; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor | |
| sulfasalazine | sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position. Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907) | ||
| hesperidin | hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels. | 3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside | mutagen |
| metergoline | metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7. Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy. | carbamate ester; ergoline alkaloid | dopamine agonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist |
| bergenin | bergenin: RN refers to (2R-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha,4aalpha,10bbeta))-isomer; structure | trihydroxybenzoic acid | metabolite |
| marimastat | marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide. marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary | hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor |
| birb 796 | aromatic ether; morpholines; naphthalenes; pyrazoles; ureas | EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator | |
| naringin | (2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; neohesperidoside | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite | |
| ganoderic acid a | triterpenoid | ||
| ganoderiol f | ganoderiol F: a ganoderma triterpene from Ganoderma amboinense; structure in first source | triterpenoid | |
| 1-(phenylmethyl)benzimidazole | benzimidazoles | ||
| luteolin-7-glucoside | luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. luteolin-7-glucoside: has both antiasthmatic and antineoplastic activities; has 3C protease inhibitory activity; isolated from Ligustrum lucidum | beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone | antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| apigetrin | apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is apigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. apigetrin: structure given in first source | beta-D-glucoside; dihydroxyflavone; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative | antibacterial agent; metabolite; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| calycosin-7-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside | calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is calycosin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position at 7 via a glycosidic linkage. calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside: from Radix Astragali | 4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative | |
| spd-304 | SPD-304: structure in first source | ||
| amodiaquine hydrochloride | |||
| ganoderic acid f | ganoderic acid F: isolated from Ganoderma lucidum; structure in first source | triterpenoid | |
| phosphomannopentaose sulfate | phosphomannopentaose sulfate: structure in first source | ||
| rk 682 | |||
| ganoderic acid c2 | ganoderic acid C2: from the fruiting body of Ganoderma; structure in first source | triterpenoid | |
| pg 545 | PG 545: an anti-angiogenesis agent with heparanase inhibitory activity; structure in first source |