stress granule disassembly
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
The disaggregation of a stress granule into its constituent protein and RNA parts. [GOC:BHF, PMID:19825938]
Stress granule disassembly is a complex process that involves the dynamic remodeling of these cytoplasmic RNA-protein aggregates, ultimately leading to the release of their components. The precise mechanisms of disassembly vary depending on the specific stressor and the cellular context, but several key pathways have been identified.
One major mechanism involves the phosphorylation of key stress granule components. For instance, the phosphorylation of the RNA-binding protein TIA-1 by kinases like AKT and MAPK promotes its dissociation from the stress granules. Similarly, phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF4E by Mnk1/2 can facilitate its release from stress granules.
Another important pathway involves the activation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) complex. This complex is crucial for initiating translation, and its activation is generally associated with stress granule disassembly. The activation of eIF4F can be achieved by factors like mTOR signaling, which promotes the phosphorylation of eIF4E and its binding to the eIF4G protein.
Furthermore, the cellular environment plays a crucial role in stress granule disassembly. For example, changes in pH, ionic strength, or the availability of specific metabolites can influence the stability of stress granules. Additionally, the presence of specific proteins, such as the RNA helicase Ddx3, can promote stress granule disassembly by facilitating the unwinding of RNA molecules within the granules.
Overall, stress granule disassembly is a tightly regulated process that involves a complex interplay of signaling pathways, protein modifications, and environmental cues. This dynamic process ensures the proper response to cellular stress by facilitating the restoration of normal cellular functions and the resumption of translation.'
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Proteins (3)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase | A transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P55072] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Kinesin-1 heavy chain | A kinesin-1 heavy chain that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P33176] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 3 | A dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O43781] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (16)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| clotrimazole | conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes | antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic | |
| whi p180 | |||
| staurosporine | indolocarbazole alkaloid; organic heterooctacyclic compound | apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; geroprotector | |
| cyc 202 | seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. | 2,6-diaminopurines | antiviral drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor |
| Methylenedioxycinnamic acid | hydroxycinnamic acid | ||
| 3,4-methylenedioxy-beta-nitrostyrene | 3,4-methylenedioxy-beta-nitrostyrene: tyrosine kinase inhibitor that prevents platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa activation; structure in first source | ||
| 4-(4-(4-chloro-phenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)phenol | substituted aniline | ||
| zd 6474 | CH 331: structure in first source | aromatic ether; organobromine compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines; secondary amine | antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| harmine | harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7. Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's. | harmala alkaloid | anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| lenvatinib | lenvatinib : A member of the class of quinolines that is the carboxamide of 4-{3-chloro-4-[(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)amino]phenoxy}-7-methoxyquinoline-6-carboxylic acid. A multi-kinase inhibitor and orphan drug used (as its mesylate salt) for the treatment of various types of thyroid cancer that do not respond to radioiodine. | aromatic amide; aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; quinolines | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist; orphan drug; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist |
| leucettamine b | leucettamine B: a protein kinase inhibitor isolated from the marine sponge Leucetta microraphis; structure in first source | ||
| cgp 57380 | CGP 57380: inhibits the mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting kinase Mnk1 | pyrazolopyrimidine | |
| cabozantinib | cabozantinib : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that is N-phenyl-N'-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the phenyl ring is substituted by a (6,7-dimethoxyquinolin-4-yl)oxy group. A multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, used (as its malate salt) for the treatment of progressive, metastatic, medullary thyroid cancer. cabozantinib: a multikinase inhibitor | aromatic ether; dicarboxylic acid diamide; organofluorine compound; quinolines | antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| ML240 | ML240 : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted at positions 2, 5 and 8 by 2-amino-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl, benzylnitrilo and methoxy groups, respectively. It is a ATP-competetive inhibitor of AAA ATPase p97, also known as valosin-containing protein (VCP). | aromatic amine; aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; primary amino compound; quinazolines; secondary amino compound | antineoplastic agent |
| ((5z)5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)methylene-2-phenylamino-3,5-dihydro-4h-imidazol-4-one) | leucettine L41 : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a (2-anilino-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-ylidene)methyl group at position 5. It is an inhibitor of DYRK1A, DYRK2, CLK1, and CLK3 (IC50s = 0.04, 0.035, 0.015, and 4.5 muM, respectively). | benzodioxoles; imidazolone; substituted aniline | autophagy inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.12.1 (dual-specificity kinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent |
| ganciclovir | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine | antiinfective agent; antiviral drug |