Target type: biologicalprocess
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose, via the intermediate UDP-galactose. [GOC:mah, MetaCyc:PWY-3821]
The galactose catabolic process via UDP-galactose is a crucial pathway for the metabolism of galactose, a sugar found in milk and other dietary sources. This process begins with the conversion of galactose to UDP-galactose, a crucial intermediate in the pathway. This conversion is catalyzed by the enzyme galactokinase, which uses ATP as a phosphate donor. UDP-galactose is then epimerized to UDP-glucose by the enzyme UDP-galactose 4-epimerase. This step involves the reversible conversion of the hydroxyl group at the C-4 position of UDP-galactose to the corresponding group on UDP-glucose. UDP-glucose can then enter the glycolytic pathway, allowing the body to utilize galactose as a source of energy. This pathway is essential for individuals who are unable to efficiently metabolize galactose due to genetic defects in enzymes involved in this process. These defects can lead to a buildup of galactose in the blood, resulting in a condition known as galactosemia. This condition can cause severe health problems, including liver damage, mental retardation, and cataracts. Therefore, understanding and maintaining the proper function of the galactose catabolic process via UDP-galactose is crucial for overall health.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Galactokinase | A galactokinase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P51570] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| UDP-glucose 4-epimerase | A UDP-glucose 4-epimerase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q14376] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Galactokinase | A galactokinase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P51570] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| ebselen | ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase. | benzoselenazole | anti-inflammatory drug; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor; enzyme mimic; ferroptosis inhibitor; genotoxin; hepatoprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger |
| ethacrynic acid | etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor. Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic. | aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid | EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic |
| haloprogin | haloprogin: minor descriptor (73-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search PHENYL ETHERS (73-86) | aromatic ether | |
| diethylstilbestrol | diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups. Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed) | olefinic compound; polyphenol | antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen |
| 2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-ylamino)-5-spiro[1,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazoline-4,1'-cyclopentane]one | quinazolines | ||
| psammaplin a | psammaplin A: isolated from marine sponges Poecillastra and Jaspis; structure in second source |