Page last updated: 2024-10-24

creatine transmembrane transport

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The directed movement of creatine across a membrane. [GO_REF:0000069, GOC:pr, GOC:TermGenie]

Creatine transmembrane transport is a crucial process for maintaining energy homeostasis in muscle and brain tissues. Creatine, a nitrogenous compound, is synthesized in the liver and kidneys and serves as a high-energy phosphate reservoir. The transport of creatine across cell membranes is mediated by a family of membrane proteins known as creatine transporters (CRT). There are two primary isoforms of CRT: CRT1 and CRT2. CRT1 is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle, brain, and heart, while CRT2 is mainly found in the kidneys and intestines.

The transport of creatine is driven by a combination of concentration gradients and membrane potential. Creatine moves from areas of high concentration to low concentration, with the electrochemical gradient favoring its movement into cells. The process of creatine transport is highly specific and is regulated by various factors, including substrate concentration, pH, and phosphorylation status of the CRT protein.

The transport mechanism can be summarized in three key steps:

1. **Binding:** Creatine binds to the extracellular domain of the CRT protein.

2. **Translocation:** The CRT protein undergoes a conformational change, allowing creatine to move across the membrane.

3. **Release:** Creatine is released into the intracellular compartment.

This intricate process ensures an adequate supply of creatine to muscle and brain cells, supporting their high-energy demands during physical activity and neuronal function. It is essential for maintaining muscle mass, enhancing athletic performance, and supporting cognitive function.'
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Proteins (2)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2A sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9NSD5]Homo sapiens (human)
Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1A sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P48029]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (10)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
gamma-aminobutyric acidgamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.

gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid
human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
beta-alanineamino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid
agonist;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
inhibitor;
neurotransmitter
2,3-diaminopropionic acid3-aminoalanine : A diamino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an amino group.alanine derivative;
amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid;
diamino acid;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
Escherichia coli metabolite
creatineglycine derivative;
guanidines;
zwitterion
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical
guvacineguvacine : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid which has been hydrogenated at the 1-2 and 5-6 positions of the pyridine ring.

guvacine: RN given refers to parent cpd
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
beta-amino acid;
pyridine alkaloid;
secondary amino compound;
tetrahydropyridine
GABA reuptake inhibitor;
plant metabolite
nipecotic acidnipecotic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is piperidine in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.

nipecotic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation
beta-amino acid;
piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
n-(1-benzyl-4-piperidinyl)-2,4-dichlorobenzamideN-(1-benzyl-4-piperidinyl)-2,4-dichlorobenzamide: inhibits the betaine-GABA transporter 1; structure in first source
2-ethoxy-N-[1-(phenylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]benzamidepiperidines
nnc 05-2090NNC 05-2090: structure given in first sourcecarbazoles
snap 5114