creatine transmembrane transport

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The directed movement of creatine across a membrane. [GO_REF:0000069, GOC:pr, GOC:TermGenie]

Creatine transmembrane transport is a crucial process for maintaining energy homeostasis in muscle and brain tissues. Creatine, a nitrogenous compound, is synthesized in the liver and kidneys and serves as a high-energy phosphate reservoir. The transport of creatine across cell membranes is mediated by a family of membrane proteins known as creatine transporters (CRT). There are two primary isoforms of CRT: CRT1 and CRT2. CRT1 is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle, brain, and heart, while CRT2 is mainly found in the kidneys and intestines.

The transport of creatine is driven by a combination of concentration gradients and membrane potential. Creatine moves from areas of high concentration to low concentration, with the electrochemical gradient favoring its movement into cells. The process of creatine transport is highly specific and is regulated by various factors, including substrate concentration, pH, and phosphorylation status of the CRT protein.

The transport mechanism can be summarized in three key steps:

1. **Binding:** Creatine binds to the extracellular domain of the CRT protein.

2. **Translocation:** The CRT protein undergoes a conformational change, allowing creatine to move across the membrane.

3. **Release:** Creatine is released into the intracellular compartment.

This intricate process ensures an adequate supply of creatine to muscle and brain cells, supporting their high-energy demands during physical activity and neuronal function. It is essential for maintaining muscle mass, enhancing athletic performance, and supporting cognitive function.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (10)