myo-inositol transport

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The directed movement of myo-inositol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Myo-inositol is 1,2,3,4,5/4,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms. [GOC:ai]

Myo-inositol transport is a critical process in cellular function, involving the movement of myo-inositol across cell membranes. Myo-inositol is a sugar alcohol that plays a vital role in various biological processes, including signal transduction, cell growth, and membrane integrity. There are two main mechanisms for myo-inositol transport: facilitated diffusion and active transport.

Facilitated diffusion relies on membrane-bound proteins called myo-inositol transporters (MITs) that facilitate the movement of myo-inositol down its concentration gradient. These transporters exhibit high specificity for myo-inositol and can be regulated by various factors, including insulin and glucose.

Active transport, on the other hand, involves the movement of myo-inositol against its concentration gradient, requiring energy expenditure. This process is typically mediated by sodium-dependent myo-inositol cotransporters (SMITs), which utilize the electrochemical gradient of sodium ions to drive myo-inositol uptake into cells.

The specific mechanisms and transporters involved in myo-inositol transport vary depending on the cell type and tissue. For example, in the brain, the sodium-dependent myo-inositol cotransporter (SMIT1) is crucial for maintaining myo-inositol levels, which are essential for neuronal function.

Myo-inositol transport plays a crucial role in numerous physiological processes. It is involved in the synthesis of inositol phosphates, second messengers that regulate intracellular signaling pathways. Myo-inositol is also a precursor for the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol, a major component of cell membranes.

Disruptions in myo-inositol transport can lead to various pathological conditions. For instance, defects in SMIT1 have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition, impaired myo-inositol transport has been implicated in diabetes, cancer, and other metabolic disorders.

In summary, myo-inositol transport is a complex process involving facilitated diffusion and active transport, which is critical for maintaining cellular function and signaling. Understanding the mechanisms of myo-inositol transport is crucial for developing strategies to treat diseases associated with its dysregulation.'
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Proteins (3)

Compounds (16)