Target type: biologicalprocess
The directed movement of myo-inositol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Myo-inositol is 1,2,3,4,5/4,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms. [GOC:ai]
Myo-inositol transport is a critical process in cellular function, involving the movement of myo-inositol across cell membranes. Myo-inositol is a sugar alcohol that plays a vital role in various biological processes, including signal transduction, cell growth, and membrane integrity. There are two main mechanisms for myo-inositol transport: facilitated diffusion and active transport.
Facilitated diffusion relies on membrane-bound proteins called myo-inositol transporters (MITs) that facilitate the movement of myo-inositol down its concentration gradient. These transporters exhibit high specificity for myo-inositol and can be regulated by various factors, including insulin and glucose.
Active transport, on the other hand, involves the movement of myo-inositol against its concentration gradient, requiring energy expenditure. This process is typically mediated by sodium-dependent myo-inositol cotransporters (SMITs), which utilize the electrochemical gradient of sodium ions to drive myo-inositol uptake into cells.
The specific mechanisms and transporters involved in myo-inositol transport vary depending on the cell type and tissue. For example, in the brain, the sodium-dependent myo-inositol cotransporter (SMIT1) is crucial for maintaining myo-inositol levels, which are essential for neuronal function.
Myo-inositol transport plays a crucial role in numerous physiological processes. It is involved in the synthesis of inositol phosphates, second messengers that regulate intracellular signaling pathways. Myo-inositol is also a precursor for the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol, a major component of cell membranes.
Disruptions in myo-inositol transport can lead to various pathological conditions. For instance, defects in SMIT1 have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition, impaired myo-inositol transport has been implicated in diabetes, cancer, and other metabolic disorders.
In summary, myo-inositol transport is a complex process involving facilitated diffusion and active transport, which is critical for maintaining cellular function and signaling. Understanding the mechanisms of myo-inositol transport is crucial for developing strategies to treat diseases associated with its dysregulation.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter 2 | A sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8WWX8] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter 2 | A sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8WWX8] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 | A sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P13866] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| inositol | 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol. Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration. | cyclitol; hexol | |
| phloretin | dihydrochalcones | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite | |
| phlorhizin | aryl beta-D-glucoside; dihydrochalcones; monosaccharide derivative | antioxidant; plant metabolite | |
| vexibinol | sophoraflavanone G : A tetrahydroxyflavanone having a structure of naringenin bearing an additional hydroxyl substituent at position 2' as well as a (2R)-5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hex-4-en-1-yl (lavandulyl) substituent at position 8'. vexibinol: flavanol from Sophora; structure in first source; RN given refers to (S-(R*,S*))-isomer | (2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; tetrahydroxyflavanone | antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| 2',4',6'-Trihydroxydihydrochalcone | chalcones | ||
| 2',4',6'-trihydroxychalcone | pinocembrin chalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2', 4' and 6' respectively. pinocembrin chalcone: isolated from Helichrysum trilineatum; structure in first source | chalcones | antifungal agent; plant metabolite |
| sergliflozin etabonate | sergliflozin: a hypoglycemic agent that inhibits SGLT2 sodium-glucose transporter; structure in first source | glycoside | |
| remogliflozin etabonate | remogliflozin etabonate: orally administered hypoglycemic agent; structure in first source | glycoside | |
| dapagliflozin | aromatic ether; C-glycosyl compound; monochlorobenzenes | hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor | |
| ipragliflozin | glycoside | ||
| empagliflozin | aromatic ether; C-glycosyl compound; monochlorobenzenes; tetrahydrofuryl ether | hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor | |
| 1,5-anhydro-1-(5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-2-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)-1-thioglucitol | diarylmethane | ||
| nothofagin | nothofagin: a dihydrochalcone | ||
| canagliflozin | canagliflozin hydrate : A hydrate that is the hemihydrate form of canagliflozin. Used for treatment of type II diabetes via inhibition of sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2. | C-glycosyl compound; organofluorine compound; thiophenes | hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor |
| pf 04971729 | ertugliflozin: structure in first source | diarylmethane | |
| deberza | 2-benzofurans |