Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triglyceride. [GOC:rn, GOC:tb]
Positive regulation of triglyceride catabolic process refers to the cellular mechanisms that enhance the breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids. This process is crucial for energy production, particularly during periods of fasting or exercise when glucose supply is limited.
Here's a detailed description:
1. **Hormonal Triggering:**
- **Insulin:** Although primarily known for promoting glucose uptake and storage, insulin can also indirectly influence triglyceride catabolism. Low insulin levels, as seen during fasting, stimulate lipolysis.
- **Glucagon:** This hormone, secreted by the pancreas, is a major activator of lipolysis. It binds to receptors on adipocytes (fat cells), triggering a cascade of events that ultimately lead to the breakdown of triglycerides.
- **Adrenaline (epinephrine):** Released during stress or exercise, adrenaline also promotes lipolysis, contributing to the mobilization of stored energy.
- **Growth hormone:** While its primary role is in growth and development, growth hormone also promotes lipolysis.
2. **Intracellular Events:**
- **Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) Activation:** Hormones like glucagon and adrenaline activate HSL, the key enzyme responsible for breaking down triglycerides.
- **Lipolysis:** HSL catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids.
- **Glycerol Release:** Glycerol, a water-soluble molecule, is released into the bloodstream and can be used by the liver for gluconeogenesis (glucose synthesis).
- **Fatty Acid Release:** Fatty acids, the primary energy source derived from triglycerides, are released into the bloodstream and transported to various tissues for energy production via beta-oxidation.
3. **Regulation:**
- **Negative feedback:** As free fatty acid levels increase in the bloodstream, they can inhibit further lipolysis through a negative feedback loop, preventing excessive breakdown of stored triglycerides.
- **Hormonal balance:** The interplay between insulin, glucagon, adrenaline, and other hormones ensures a delicate balance in triglyceride catabolism, preventing excessive breakdown or depletion of fat stores.
In summary, positive regulation of triglyceride catabolic process is a complex process involving hormonal signaling, enzymatic activation, and intricate regulatory mechanisms that ultimately ensure the efficient mobilization of stored energy from triglycerides when needed.'
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Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
---|---|---|
Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 | A patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q96AD5] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Diacylglycerol lipase-beta | A diacylglycerol lipase-beta that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8NCG7] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Arylacetamide deacetylase | An arylacetamide deacetylase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P22760] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
---|---|---|---|
flutamide | Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species. | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide | androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent |
phenacetin | Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione | acetamides; aromatic ether | cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug |
1,6-bis(cyclohexyloximinocarbonyl)hexane | 1,6-bis(cyclohexyloximinocarbonyl)hexane: selective inhibitor of canine platelet diglyceride lipase | carbamate ester; organonitrogen compound | |
orlistat | orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug. Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity. | beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative | anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor |
t-tucb | |||
osteum | organic molecular entity | ||
atglistatin | atglistatin : A biphenyl that is 1,1'-biphenyl substituted by (dimethylcarbamoyl)amino and dimethylamino groups at positions 3 and 4', respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase activity (IC50 = 700nM). atglistatin: inhibits adipose triglyceride lipase; structure in first source | ||
rifampin | Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160) | cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion | angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor |