Variamycin is a natural product antibiotic produced by Streptomyces variabilis. It exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The compound's unique structure, featuring a macrocyclic lactone ring and an unusual amino acid, has attracted significant interest in the scientific community. Researchers are investigating its biosynthesis pathway to understand how this complex molecule is assembled and to potentially identify new targets for antibiotic development. Variamycin has been shown to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, a crucial process for bacterial survival. The discovery of this antibiotic and its mechanism of action have contributed to the ongoing search for novel antibacterial therapies to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance.'
variamycin: new glycoside antibiotic from aureolic acid group; disrupts RNA synthesis in Staph aureus, HeLa cells; complexes DNA; russian drug [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 99927 |
| MeSH ID | M0055072 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| mls002703041 , |
| variamitsin |
| smr001566849 |
| mithramycin, 3-c-demethyl-4-c-methyl- |
| antibiotic 6604-9a |
| variamycin |
| mithramycin, 3(sup c)-demethyl-4(sup c)-o-methyl- |
| variamycin glycoside |
| nsc 269146 |
| 3(c)-demethyl-4(c)-o-methylmithramycin |
| mithramycin, 3e-demethyl-4e-o-methyl-, (4ar,4ds)- |
| varamycin |
| cid_99927 |
| bdbm115153 |
| PD027570 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Intracerebrally and suboccipitally injected variamycin and mitramycin induced marked toxic reactions, even the death of animals, and cannot be recommended for the neurooncological clinic." | ( [Toxicity of anti-tumor preparations after intracranial, subarachnoid and suboccipital administration (experimental study)]. Annin, EA; Egorenko, GG; Romodanov, SA; Semenova, VM; Verkhogliadova, TP, ) | 0.39 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (µ) | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 4.4668 | 0.6310 | 35.7641 | 100.0000 | AID504339 |
| WRN | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3.3587 | 0.1683 | 31.2583 | 100.0000 | AID651768 |
| USP1 protein, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.6228 | 0.0316 | 37.5844 | 354.8130 | AID743255 |
| TDP1 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.1245 | 0.0008 | 11.3822 | 44.6684 | AID686978; AID686979 |
| Smad3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.0008 | 0.0052 | 7.8098 | 29.0929 | AID588855; AID720534; AID720536 |
| 67.9K protein | Vaccinia virus | Potency | 0.8801 | 0.0001 | 8.4406 | 100.0000 | AID720579; AID720580 |
| IDH1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0058 | 0.0052 | 10.8652 | 35.4813 | AID686970 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.2410 | 0.0041 | 9.9848 | 25.9290 | AID504444; AID720524 |
| importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 53.1380 | 5.8048 | 36.1306 | 65.1308 | AID540253; AID540263 |
| flap endonuclease 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 11.2202 | 0.1337 | 25.4129 | 89.1251 | AID588795 |
| snurportin-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 53.1380 | 5.8048 | 36.1306 | 65.1308 | AID540253; AID540263 |
| peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 67.4555 | 0.4256 | 12.0591 | 28.1838 | AID504891 |
| GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.4813 | 5.8048 | 16.9962 | 25.9290 | AID540253 |
| DNA polymerase eta isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 11.2202 | 0.1000 | 28.9256 | 213.3130 | AID588591 |
| DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.3872 | 0.0501 | 27.0736 | 89.1251 | AID588590 |
| DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 79.4328 | 0.0316 | 22.3146 | 100.0000 | AID588579 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| integrase, partial | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 | IC50 (µMol) | 9.5395 | 0.0795 | 3.5203 | 9.9390 | AID1053171; AID1053172 |
| lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 9.5395 | 0.0795 | 3.5203 | 9.9390 | AID1053171; AID1053172 |
| Vif | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 | IC50 (µMol) | 100.0000 | 0.2700 | 34.0015 | 100.0000 | AID1117319 |
| Tat | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 | IC50 (µMol) | 27.9290 | 0.9960 | 39.8009 | 100.0000 | AID1117361 |
| DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 100.0000 | 0.2700 | 26.3638 | 100.0000 | AID1117319 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PAX8 | Homo sapiens (human) | AC50 | 0.2600 | 0.0488 | 5.4354 | 69.1700 | AID687027 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID1347086 | qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal | 2020 | Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173 | A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity. |
| AID588501 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13 | Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening. |
| AID588501 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set | 2006 | Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5 | Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa. |
| AID588501 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1 | High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors. |
| AID651635 | Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression | |||
| AID1347083 | qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen | 2020 | Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173 | A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity. |
| AID588499 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13 | Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening. |
| AID588499 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set | 2006 | Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5 | Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa. |
| AID588499 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1 | High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors. |
| AID1745845 | Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression | |||
| AID588497 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13 | Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening. |
| AID588497 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set | 2006 | Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5 | Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa. |
| AID588497 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1 | High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors. |
| AID1347082 | qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal | 2020 | Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173 | A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity. |
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 8 (57.14) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 1 (7.14) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 1 (7.14) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 2 (14.29) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 2 (14.29) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (11.70) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 1 (6.67%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 0 (0.00%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 14 (93.33%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||