Peramine is a natural alkaloid found in various fungi, including species of *Aspergillus*, *Penicillium*, and *Claviceps*. It exhibits a range of biological activities, notably its potent insecticidal properties. Peramine acts as an antagonist of the octopamine receptor, a neurotransmitter important for insect behavior and physiology. This disruption of octopamine signaling leads to paralysis and death in insects. The synthesis of peramine involves a complex biosynthetic pathway in fungi, starting with the amino acid L-tryptophan. Its potential as a natural insecticide has led to extensive research, focusing on its efficacy against various pest species. Peramine's unique mode of action, along with its natural origin, makes it a promising candidate for developing environmentally friendly pest control strategies. Further research is ongoing to optimize its production, understand its effects on non-target organisms, and explore its potential applications in agriculture and public health.'
peramine: structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 114748 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 14887084 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 18821820 |
| MeSH ID | M0482932 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| peramine |
| 2-[3-(2-methyl-1-oxopyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-yl)propyl]guanidine |
| guanidine, (3-(1,2-dihydro-2-methyl-1-oxopyrrolo(1,2-a)pyrazin-3-yl)propyl)- |
| 102482-94-0 |
| (3-(1,2-dihydro-2-methyl-1-oxopyrrolo(1,2-a)pyrazin-3-yl)propyl)guanidine |
| guanidine,n-[3-(1,2-dihydro-2-methyl-1-oxopyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-yl)propyl]- |
| SCHEMBL14887084 |
| DTXSID10145178 |
| J-000697 |
| SCHEMBL18821820 |
| 1-[3-[(1,2-dihydro-2-methyl-1-oxopyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin)-3-yl]propyl]guanidine |
| n-(3-{2-methyl-1-oxo-1h,2h-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-yl}propyl)guanidine |
| 1-(3-(2-methyl-1-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-yl)propyl)guanidine |
Peramine is a non-ribosomal peptide-derived pyrrolopyrazine (PPZ)-containing molecule with anti-insect properties. Peramine is an insect-feeding deterrent produced by Epichloë species in symbiotic association with C3 grasses.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Peramine biosynthesis has been proposed to require only the two-module non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) peramine synthetase (PerA), which is encoded by the 8.3 kb gene perA, though this has not been conclusively proven." | ( Orthologous peramine and pyrrolopyrazine-producing biosynthetic gene clusters in Metarhizium rileyi, Metarhizium majus and Cladonia grayi. Berry, D; Dijkwel, PP; Grage, K; Mace, W; Rehner, SA; Scott, B; Young, CA, 2019) | 1.61 |
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 5 (31.25) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 11 (68.75) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (37.25) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 0 (0.00%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 2 (12.50%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 14 (87.50%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||