palmitoleyl hydrolase activity
Definition
Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of a hydrolase reaction that removes a palmitoleyl moiety, a 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid (C16:1), from some substrate. [PMID:25731175]
Palmitoleyl hydrolase activity is a type of enzymatic activity that specifically hydrolyzes palmitoleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid with a 16-carbon chain and a cis double bond at the ninth carbon position. This enzymatic activity is part of the broader class of lipase activity, which refers to the hydrolysis of ester bonds in lipids.
Palmitoleyl hydrolase activity is involved in various metabolic processes, including:
* **Lipid metabolism:** It plays a role in the breakdown of triglycerides and other lipid esters, releasing free fatty acids like palmitoleic acid.
* **Fatty acid signaling:** Palmitoleic acid is known to act as a signaling molecule, influencing various cellular processes such as insulin sensitivity and inflammation.
* **Cellular homeostasis:** Palmitoleyl hydrolase activity contributes to maintaining proper lipid levels within cells, ensuring cellular function and survival.
The specific mechanism of palmitoleyl hydrolase activity involves the following steps:
1. **Substrate binding:** The enzyme binds to palmitoleic acid, bringing the ester bond into close proximity with the active site.
2. **Hydrolysis:** The enzyme utilizes a catalytic triad consisting of serine, histidine, and aspartic acid residues to break the ester bond in palmitoleic acid.
3. **Product release:** The reaction produces palmitoleic acid and a corresponding alcohol or glycerol molecule, which are released from the active site.
Palmitoleyl hydrolase activity is often associated with various enzymes, including lipases, esterases, and hydrolases. These enzymes can exhibit varying degrees of specificity towards palmitoleic acid, with some showing a preference for other fatty acids as well. The specific enzyme responsible for palmitoleyl hydrolase activity may vary depending on the organism and the cellular context.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Palmitoleoyl-protein carboxylesterase NOTUM | A protein notum that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q6P988] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (5)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| melatonin | acetamides; tryptamines | anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger | |
| n-acetylserotonin | N-acetylserotonin : An N-acylserotonin resulting from the formal condensation of the primary amino group of serotonin with the carboxy group of acetic acid. | acetamides; N-acylserotonin; phenols | antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist |
| theophylline | dimethylxanthine | adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent | |
| caffeine | purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine | adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic | |
| pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid | pyrrolecarboxylic acid | metabolite; Penicillium metabolite |