ceramidase activity
Definition
Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a ceramide = a sphingoid base + a fatty acid. [EC:3.5.1.23, GOC:pz]
Ceramidase activity refers to the enzymatic hydrolysis of ceramide, a sphingolipid that plays crucial roles in various cellular processes. Ceramidases are a family of enzymes that cleave the amide bond between the sphingosine base and the fatty acid moiety of ceramide, generating sphingosine and a free fatty acid. This enzymatic activity is essential for regulating the levels of ceramide, sphingosine, and other sphingolipid metabolites, which act as signaling molecules involved in diverse biological functions. Ceramidases are classified into five main groups: acid ceramidase (ACDase), neutral ceramidase (nCDase), alkaline ceramidase (aCDase), and two atypical ceramidases (a1 and a2). ACDase is primarily located in lysosomes and degrades ceramide to sphingosine and fatty acids, playing a role in lipid metabolism and cellular homeostasis. nCDase is mainly found in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus and has a pH optimum near neutrality. aCDase is an extracellular ceramidase with a pH optimum above 7, and its physiological role is less well understood. The atypical ceramidases a1 and a2 are located in the cytoplasm and are involved in regulating sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) levels. Ceramidase activity is tightly regulated by various factors, including pH, substrate availability, and the presence of inhibitors and activators. Dysregulation of ceramidase activity can lead to various diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic disorders. The precise molecular mechanisms of ceramidase activity and its involvement in cellular processes are still under investigation, highlighting the importance of ongoing research in this field.'
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Proteins (3)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Alkaline ceramidase 2 | An alkaline ceramidase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q5QJU3] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Acid ceramidase | An acid ceramidase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q13510] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase | An N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q02083] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (14)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| cannabinol | Cannabinol: A physiologically inactive constituent of Cannabis sativa L. | dibenzopyran | |
| carmofur | organohalogen compound; pyrimidines | ||
| diacerein | diacerein: chelates with bivalent metals; a quinone which possesses redox properties; metabolized to active rhein; proposed mechanisms include inhibiting IL1 and metalloproteinases; called a slow acting symptomatic drug in osteoarthritis; no effect of cyclooxygenase; | anthraquinone | |
| cannabichromene | 1-benzopyran | ||
| (6ar-trans)-isomer of tetrahydrocannabivarin 9 | |||
| delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid | Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. A biosynthetic precursor to Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, the principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant. | benzochromene; diterpenoid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide | anti-inflammatory agent; biomarker; metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
| 2-(n-myristoylamino)-1-phenyl-1-propanol | 2-(N-myristoylamino)-1-phenyl-1-propanol: ceramidase inhibitor; RN given for ((R*,S*)-(+-))-isomer; structure in first source | alkylbenzene | |
| cannabidiolic acid | cannabidiolic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is olivetolic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a 3-p-mentha-1,8-dien-3-yl (limonene) group. cannabidiolic acid: structure | dihydroxybenzoic acid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide; resorcinols | |
| sc 58272 | SC 58272: inhibits myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase; structure given in first source | ||
| cannabidiol | cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4. Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract. | olefinic compound; phytocannabinoid; resorcinols | antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite |
| n-oleoylethanolamine | N-oleoylethanolamine: ceramidase inhibitor oleoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of oleic acid. The monounsaturated analogue of the endocannabinoid anandamide. | endocannabinoid; N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine; N-acylethanolamine 18:1 | EC 3.5.1.23 (ceramidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist |
| cannabigerol | cannabigerol : A member of the class of resorcinols that is resorcinol which is substituted by a (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl group at position 2 and by a pentyl group at position 5. It is a natural product found in Cannabis sativa and Helichrysum species. cannabigerol: RN given refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source | phytocannabinoid; resorcinols | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antioxidant; appetite enhancer; cannabinoid receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| cannabigerolic acid | cannabigerolic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is olivetolic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a geranyl group. A biosynthetic precursor to Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, the principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant. cannabigerolic acid: structure in first source | dihydroxybenzoic acid; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide; resorcinols | |
| cannabidivarin | cannabidivarin: from Cannabis sativa | monoterpenoid |