Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + AMP = nucleoside diphosphate + ADP. [EC:2.7.4.10]
Nucleoside triphosphate adenylate kinase (ATP:AMP phosphotransferase, also known as adenylate kinase or AK) is an enzyme involved in the interconversion of adenine nucleotides, specifically the reversible transfer of a phosphate group between ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and AMP (adenosine monophosphate) to produce ADP (adenosine diphosphate). This reaction maintains the adenylate energy charge of the cell, which is a crucial parameter for cellular metabolism.
AK catalyzes the following reaction:
ATP + AMP ⇌ 2 ADP
This reaction is essential for:
- **Maintaining ATP levels:** AK can quickly replenish ATP levels when they are depleted, especially during periods of high energy demand.
- **Regulating cellular energy balance:** By interconverting ATP and AMP, AK helps to maintain the optimal ratio of these nucleotides, ensuring efficient energy utilization.
- **Signal transduction:** AK can also be involved in cellular signaling pathways, as changes in AMP levels can activate downstream signaling cascades.
- **Metabolic regulation:** AK plays a role in regulating various metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and fatty acid synthesis.
In summary, nucleoside triphosphate adenylate kinase activity is critical for cellular energy homeostasis, metabolic regulation, and signal transduction. Its ability to interconvert adenine nucleotides allows for rapid adjustments in cellular energy levels, ensuring optimal cellular function.'
"
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 | An adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P00568] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| adenosine monophosphate | Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position. | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
| 2'-deoxy-5'-adenosine monophosphate | 2'-deoxy-5'-adenosine monophosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having adenine as the nucleobase. | 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | fundamental metabolite |
| adefovir | adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection. adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.). | 6-aminopurines; ether; phosphonic acids | antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent |
| tenofovir | tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection. | nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids | antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |