cyclic-di-GMP binding

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Binding to cyclic-di-GMP, cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate. [GOC:bf]

Cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) binding is a molecular function involved in the regulation of various cellular processes, often acting as a second messenger. c-di-GMP, a ubiquitous bacterial signaling molecule, binds to specific protein domains, primarily known as GGDEF, EAL, and PilZ domains. These domains, typically found in diverse bacterial proteins, act as sensors, effectors, and regulators of c-di-GMP signaling.

**Mechanism of Binding:**
c-di-GMP binding typically occurs via a combination of electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds with the amino acid residues within the binding domains. The specific amino acid sequence and structural features of the binding site determine the affinity and specificity of the interaction.

**Effects of Binding:**
The binding of c-di-GMP to effector proteins can trigger a cascade of downstream signaling events, leading to changes in cellular processes such as:

* **Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation:** c-di-GMP binding to PilZ domain-containing proteins can promote the assembly of pili, flagella, and other surface structures that mediate bacterial adhesion to surfaces and biofilm formation.
* **Cell Cycle Regulation and Motility:** c-di-GMP can influence bacterial cell division, growth, and motility by interacting with GGDEF and EAL domains, which regulate the intracellular concentration of c-di-GMP.
* **Gene Expression and Transcriptional Regulation:** c-di-GMP can directly or indirectly influence gene expression by interacting with DNA-binding proteins or by modulating the activity of transcription factors.
* **Virulence Factor Production and Secretion:** c-di-GMP signaling can play a role in the production and release of virulence factors, contributing to bacterial pathogenesis.
* **Cellular Differentiation and Development:** c-di-GMP can regulate developmental processes in bacteria, such as sporulation, fruiting body formation, and the transition from planktonic to sessile lifestyles.

**Diverse Roles in Bacterial Physiology:**
c-di-GMP binding is involved in a wide range of cellular functions, highlighting the versatility and importance of this signaling molecule in bacteria. The precise effects of c-di-GMP binding can vary depending on the specific protein, bacterial species, and environmental conditions.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (6)