protein-arginine omega-N monomethyltransferase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the addition of a methyl group to either of the unmethylated terminal nitrogen atoms (also called omega nitrogen) in peptidyl-arginine to form an omega-N-G-monomethylated arginine residue. The reaction is S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [protein]-L-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [protein]-Nomega-methyl-L-arginine. [EC:2.1.1.321, PMID:14705965, RESID:AA0069]

Protein-arginine omega-N monomethyltransferase activity is a catalytic activity that involves the transfer of a methyl group from a donor molecule, typically S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), to the omega-N position of an arginine residue within a protein substrate. This methylation event can significantly alter the structure and function of the target protein. The precise molecular function of this activity depends on the specific protein substrate and the cellular context.

Here are some key aspects of protein-arginine omega-N monomethyltransferase activity:

1. Substrate Specificity: These enzymes exhibit varying degrees of substrate specificity, targeting specific arginine residues within particular protein substrates. This specificity is often determined by the surrounding amino acid sequence and the overall conformation of the target protein.

2. Methylation Site: The methylation occurs at the omega-N position of the arginine residue, which is the terminal nitrogen atom of the guanidinium group. This modification introduces a small, positively charged methyl group.

3. Impact on Protein Function: Methylation can significantly impact protein function in various ways, including:
- Altering protein-protein interactions by modulating electrostatic interactions or creating new binding sites.
- Changing protein stability and folding dynamics.
- Modifying enzyme activity by affecting substrate binding or catalytic efficiency.
- Regulating protein localization and trafficking within the cell.

4. Cellular Roles: Protein-arginine omega-N monomethyltransferases are involved in diverse cellular processes, including:
- Signal transduction pathways: Modifying signaling proteins to regulate downstream responses.
- Gene expression: Regulating the activity of transcription factors and chromatin remodeling complexes.
- Cellular metabolism: Modulating the activity of enzymes involved in metabolic pathways.
- Development and differentiation: Controlling cell fate decisions and tissue morphogenesis.

5. Disease Relevance: Dysregulation of protein-arginine omega-N monomethyltransferases has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, neurodevelopmental disorders, and autoimmune diseases.

Overall, protein-arginine omega-N monomethyltransferase activity plays a critical role in regulating a wide range of cellular processes by modifying the structure and function of target proteins. Understanding the molecular details of this activity is essential for developing targeted therapies for various diseases.'
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Proteins (4)

Compounds (23)