Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the removal of damaged bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site. [GOC:elh, PMID:11554296]
DNA N-glycosylase activity is a crucial molecular function involved in DNA repair. It is catalyzed by a class of enzymes called DNA glycosylases. These enzymes recognize and remove damaged or modified bases from DNA, specifically targeting the glycosidic bond between the base and the deoxyribose sugar. This removal process is a critical step in the base excision repair (BER) pathway, one of the primary mechanisms for maintaining genomic integrity.
Here's a breakdown of the molecular function in detail:
1. **Base Recognition:** DNA glycosylases have highly specific active sites that enable them to discriminate between normal DNA bases and a variety of damaged or modified bases. This specificity is crucial for efficient repair and prevents the removal of undamaged bases.
2. **Glycosidic Bond Cleavage:** Once a damaged base is recognized, the DNA glycosylase cleaves the glycosidic bond linking the base to the deoxyribose sugar. This leaves an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site, also known as an abasic site, in the DNA strand.
3. **Base Excision:** The cleaved base is released from the DNA, leaving an empty space in the DNA backbone. The AP site is then processed further in the BER pathway.
4. **BER Pathway Continuation:** After base excision, a series of enzymatic steps follow to restore the original DNA sequence. These steps involve AP site recognition, strand incision, DNA polymerase-mediated gap filling, and DNA ligase-mediated sealing of the nick.
Overall, DNA N-glycosylase activity plays a vital role in protecting the genome from mutations, ensuring proper DNA replication, and preventing the development of diseases like cancer. Its molecular function is essential for maintaining the integrity and stability of genetic information.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase | A formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P05523] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
| Endonuclease 8-like 1 | An endonuclease 8-like 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q96FI4] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase | A DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P29372] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Endonuclease 8-like 1 | An endonuclease 8-like 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q96FI4] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Endonuclease III-like protein 1 | An endonuclease III-like protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P78549] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase | A DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P29372] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| 40S ribosomal protein S3 | A eukaryotic-type small ribosomal subunit protein uS3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P23396] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| aurintricarboxylic acid | aurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'. Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues. | monohydroxybenzoic acid; quinomethanes; tricarboxylic acid | fluorochrome; histological dye; insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist |
| gossypol | Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer. | ||
| isoniazid | Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC). | carbohydrazide | antitubercular agent; drug allergen |
| mitoxantrone hydrochloride | hydrochloride | antineoplastic agent | |
| morin | morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5. morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria) | 7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone | angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
| gentamicin sulfate | |||
| PF-06446846 | PF-06446846 : A triazolopyridine that is 3H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-b]pyridine substituted by a 4-{(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]carbamoyl}phenyl group at position 3. It is a potent inhibitor of PCSK9. PF-06446846: inhibits translation of PCSK9 ;structure in first source | benzamides; monochloropyridine; piperidines; tertiary carboxamide; triazolopyridine | antilipemic drug; EC 3.4.21.61 (kexin) inhibitor |