N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase activity
Definition
Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acylsphingosine + H2O = a fatty acid + sphingosine. [EC:3.5.1.23]
N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase activity refers to the enzymatic hydrolysis of N-acylsphingosines (ceramides), a class of lipids that are crucial components of cell membranes. This hydrolysis reaction breaks the amide bond between the fatty acid and the sphingosine base, yielding a free fatty acid and a sphingosine molecule. This enzymatic activity plays a significant role in the regulation of cellular sphingolipid metabolism, which is essential for various cellular processes, including cell signaling, membrane structure, and apoptosis. N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase activity is also implicated in various pathological conditions, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. The enzyme responsible for this activity is known as ceramidase, and it exists in multiple isoforms with distinct substrate specificities and cellular localization. The hydrolysis of ceramides by ceramidases leads to the production of sphingosine and fatty acids, which act as signaling molecules and participate in various cellular processes. For instance, sphingosine is involved in the activation of the sphingosine kinase pathway, which leads to the production of sphingosine-1-phosphate, a potent bioactive lipid that regulates cell growth, survival, and migration. Fatty acids released from ceramides can also act as signaling molecules and contribute to various cellular functions. Overall, N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase activity is a crucial enzymatic function that regulates sphingolipid metabolism and plays a significant role in various cellular processes and disease states.'
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Proteins (4)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Alkaline ceramidase 2 | An alkaline ceramidase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q5QJU3] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Alkaline ceramidase 2 | An alkaline ceramidase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q5QJU3] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Acid ceramidase | An acid ceramidase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q13510] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase | An N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q02083] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (14)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| cannabinol | Cannabinol: A physiologically inactive constituent of Cannabis sativa L. | dibenzopyran | |
| carmofur | organohalogen compound; pyrimidines | ||
| diacerein | diacerein: chelates with bivalent metals; a quinone which possesses redox properties; metabolized to active rhein; proposed mechanisms include inhibiting IL1 and metalloproteinases; called a slow acting symptomatic drug in osteoarthritis; no effect of cyclooxygenase; | anthraquinone | |
| cannabichromene | 1-benzopyran | ||
| (6ar-trans)-isomer of tetrahydrocannabivarin 9 | |||
| delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid | Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. A biosynthetic precursor to Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, the principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant. | benzochromene; diterpenoid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide | anti-inflammatory agent; biomarker; metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
| 2-(n-myristoylamino)-1-phenyl-1-propanol | 2-(N-myristoylamino)-1-phenyl-1-propanol: ceramidase inhibitor; RN given for ((R*,S*)-(+-))-isomer; structure in first source | alkylbenzene | |
| cannabidiolic acid | cannabidiolic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is olivetolic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a 3-p-mentha-1,8-dien-3-yl (limonene) group. cannabidiolic acid: structure | dihydroxybenzoic acid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide; resorcinols | |
| sc 58272 | SC 58272: inhibits myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase; structure given in first source | ||
| cannabidiol | cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4. Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract. | olefinic compound; phytocannabinoid; resorcinols | antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite |
| n-oleoylethanolamine | N-oleoylethanolamine: ceramidase inhibitor oleoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of oleic acid. The monounsaturated analogue of the endocannabinoid anandamide. | endocannabinoid; N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine; N-acylethanolamine 18:1 | EC 3.5.1.23 (ceramidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist |
| cannabigerol | cannabigerol : A member of the class of resorcinols that is resorcinol which is substituted by a (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl group at position 2 and by a pentyl group at position 5. It is a natural product found in Cannabis sativa and Helichrysum species. cannabigerol: RN given refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source | phytocannabinoid; resorcinols | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antioxidant; appetite enhancer; cannabinoid receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| cannabigerolic acid | cannabigerolic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is olivetolic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a geranyl group. A biosynthetic precursor to Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, the principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant. cannabigerolic acid: structure in first source | dihydroxybenzoic acid; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide; resorcinols | |
| cannabidivarin | cannabidivarin: from Cannabis sativa | monoterpenoid |