pentose transmembrane transporter activity
Definition
Target type: molecularfunction
Enables the transfer of a pentose sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. Pentose is a monosaccharide with 5 carbon atoms. [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729]
Pentose transmembrane transporter activity refers to the movement of pentose sugars across cell membranes. Pentose sugars, such as ribose and xylose, are essential components of nucleic acids, coenzymes, and other important biomolecules. Transmembrane transporters are integral membrane proteins that facilitate the passage of molecules across the hydrophobic lipid bilayer of cell membranes.
Pentose transmembrane transporter activity can be classified into two main types:
1. **Facilitated diffusion:** This type of transport does not require energy and relies on the concentration gradient of the pentose sugar across the membrane. The transporter protein binds to the pentose sugar on one side of the membrane, undergoes a conformational change, and releases the sugar on the other side.
2. **Active transport:** This type of transport requires energy, typically in the form of ATP hydrolysis, to move pentose sugars against their concentration gradient. This allows cells to accumulate pentose sugars even when their concentration is lower outside the cell.
Pentose transmembrane transporter activity is crucial for various cellular processes, including:
- **Nucleic acid synthesis:** Pentose sugars, particularly ribose, are essential building blocks for DNA and RNA.
- **Coenzyme synthesis:** Pentose sugars are incorporated into coenzymes like NAD+, NADP+, and FAD, which are essential for many metabolic reactions.
- **Metabolic pathways:** Pentose sugars are intermediates in several metabolic pathways, such as the pentose phosphate pathway, which produces NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate.
Disruptions in pentose transmembrane transporter activity can lead to various diseases, including:
- **Genetic disorders:** Mutations in genes encoding pentose transmembrane transporters can cause defects in sugar metabolism and transport.
- **Cancer:** Some cancers exhibit altered pentose transporter activity, which contributes to their growth and survival.
- **Infectious diseases:** Some bacteria and viruses require pentose transporters for their survival and proliferation.
Overall, pentose transmembrane transporter activity is a fundamental process that enables cells to acquire and utilize pentose sugars for a wide range of essential functions.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 | A sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P13866] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (15)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| phloretin | dihydrochalcones | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite | |
| phlorhizin | aryl beta-D-glucoside; dihydrochalcones; monosaccharide derivative | antioxidant; plant metabolite | |
| vexibinol | sophoraflavanone G : A tetrahydroxyflavanone having a structure of naringenin bearing an additional hydroxyl substituent at position 2' as well as a (2R)-5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hex-4-en-1-yl (lavandulyl) substituent at position 8'. vexibinol: flavanol from Sophora; structure in first source; RN given refers to (S-(R*,S*))-isomer | (2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; tetrahydroxyflavanone | antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| 2',4',6'-Trihydroxydihydrochalcone | chalcones | ||
| 2',4',6'-trihydroxychalcone | pinocembrin chalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2', 4' and 6' respectively. pinocembrin chalcone: isolated from Helichrysum trilineatum; structure in first source | chalcones | antifungal agent; plant metabolite |
| sergliflozin etabonate | sergliflozin: a hypoglycemic agent that inhibits SGLT2 sodium-glucose transporter; structure in first source | glycoside | |
| remogliflozin etabonate | remogliflozin etabonate: orally administered hypoglycemic agent; structure in first source | glycoside | |
| dapagliflozin | aromatic ether; C-glycosyl compound; monochlorobenzenes | hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor | |
| ipragliflozin | glycoside | ||
| empagliflozin | aromatic ether; C-glycosyl compound; monochlorobenzenes; tetrahydrofuryl ether | hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor | |
| 1,5-anhydro-1-(5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-2-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)-1-thioglucitol | diarylmethane | ||
| nothofagin | nothofagin: a dihydrochalcone | ||
| canagliflozin | canagliflozin hydrate : A hydrate that is the hemihydrate form of canagliflozin. Used for treatment of type II diabetes via inhibition of sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2. | C-glycosyl compound; organofluorine compound; thiophenes | hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor |
| pf 04971729 | ertugliflozin: structure in first source | diarylmethane | |
| deberza | 2-benzofurans |