GDP phosphatase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP + H2O = GMP + phosphate. [PMID:2989286, RHEA:22156]

GDP phosphatases are a family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) to guanosine monophosphate (GMP). This reaction involves the removal of a phosphate group from the beta-phosphate of GDP, leading to the formation of GMP and inorganic phosphate. GDP phosphatases play a crucial role in various cellular processes, including signal transduction, nucleotide metabolism, and protein synthesis.

In signal transduction, GDP phosphatases are involved in the inactivation of G proteins, which are essential mediators of cellular signaling pathways. G proteins are activated by the binding of GTP, and their activity is terminated by the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP by GDP phosphatases. This deactivation process ensures the proper regulation of cellular signaling events.

In nucleotide metabolism, GDP phosphatases contribute to the maintenance of nucleotide pools by converting GDP to GMP. GMP is a precursor for the synthesis of other nucleotides, including guanosine triphosphate (GTP), which is required for various cellular functions, such as protein synthesis and energy production.

GDP phosphatases also play a role in protein synthesis by modulating the activity of translation initiation factors. These factors are responsible for the initiation of protein translation, and their activity is regulated by the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of specific amino acid residues. GDP phosphatases can dephosphorylate these residues, thereby influencing the activity of translation initiation factors and ultimately regulating protein synthesis.

In summary, GDP phosphatases are essential enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of GDP to GMP, a crucial reaction involved in various cellular processes, including signal transduction, nucleotide metabolism, and protein synthesis.'
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Proteins (4)

Compounds (3)