Target type: cellularcomponent
A conserved heterodimeric complex with SUMO activating enzyme activity. [PMID:15601841]
The SUMO activating enzyme complex, also known as the SAE1/SAE2 complex, is a heterodimeric protein complex that catalyzes the first step in the SUMOylation pathway, which is the attachment of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protein to target proteins. The complex is composed of two subunits: SAE1 (also known as AOS1 or SUMO activating enzyme subunit 1) and SAE2 (also known as UBA2 or SUMO activating enzyme subunit 2). These subunits are both essential for the activation of SUMO.
SAE1 is a small protein with a molecular weight of approximately 14 kDa. It contains a conserved catalytic domain that is responsible for binding and activating SUMO. SAE2 is a larger protein with a molecular weight of approximately 40 kDa. It contains a variety of domains, including a ubiquitin-like domain, a SUMO-interaction motif, and a RING-finger domain. The RING-finger domain is responsible for transferring activated SUMO to the SUMO conjugating enzyme (E2).
The SUMO activating enzyme complex functions by first binding to SUMO. This binding event triggers the ATP-dependent activation of SUMO, which involves the formation of a high-energy thioester bond between SUMO and a cysteine residue in SAE2. Once SUMO is activated, it is transferred to a cysteine residue in SAE1. The activated SUMO is then transferred to the SUMO conjugating enzyme (E2), which in turn transfers SUMO to the target protein.
The cellular component of the SUMO activating enzyme complex is the cytoplasm. It is found in a variety of cellular compartments, including the nucleus, the cytoplasm, and the endoplasmic reticulum. The complex is involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including DNA repair, transcription, protein trafficking, and cell cycle regulation. It has also been implicated in a variety of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 2 | A SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9UBT2] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 1 | A SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9UBE0] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| anacardic acid | anacardic acid : A hydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by a pentadecyl group at position 6. It is a major component of cashew nut shell liquid and exhibits an extensive range of bioactivities. anacardic acid: isolated from Anacardium occidentale; monophenol monooxygenase inhibitor | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybenzoic acid | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| ginkgolic acid | hydroxybenzoic acid | ||
| pevonedistat | pevonedistat : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine which is substituted by a (1S)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylnitrilo group at position 4 and by a (1S,3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-[(sulfamoyloxy)methyl]cyclopentyl group at position 7. It is a potent and selective NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.7 nM, and currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes. pevonedistat: a potent and selective inhibitor of NAE (NEDD8-activating enzyme) | cyclopentanols; indanes; pyrrolopyrimidine; secondary amino compound; sulfamidate | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer |
| largazole | largazole: an antiproliferative agent from Symploca; structure in first source |