Target type: biologicalprocess
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoxin B4. Lipoxin B4 is a C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (14R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (6E)- (8Z)-, (10E)- and (12E)-double bonds. [GOC:mw]
Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and lipoxin B4 (LXB4) are bioactive lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid (AA) via the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway, which are primarily produced by neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages. The biosynthesis of LXB4 involves a series of enzymatic steps:
1. **AA is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2 (PLA2).**
2. **AA is then converted to 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HPETE) by 5-LO.**
3. **5-HPETE is rapidly converted to leukotriene A4 (LTA4) by leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H).**
4. **LTA4 undergoes a transcellular biosynthesis process, where it is transferred from the initial cell, usually a leukocyte, to a second cell, such as an epithelial cell or a platelet. This transfer can occur via the CD11b/CD18 integrin receptor on the leukocyte and LTA4H on the second cell.**
5. **In the second cell, LTA4 is converted to LXA4 by the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP).**
6. **LXA4 is then converted to LXB4 by the enzyme 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO).**
The biosynthesis of LXB4 is a tightly regulated process, with several factors influencing its production, including the availability of AA, the activity of 5-LO, and the presence of other enzymes involved in the pathway. LXB4 is a potent anti-inflammatory mediator, and its biosynthesis is often dysregulated in inflammatory conditions.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX12 | A polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX12 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P18054] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| chloroxine | chloroxine : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 have been substituted by chlorine. A synthetic antibacterial prepared by chlorination of quinolin-8-ol, it is used for the treatment of dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp. | monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound | antibacterial agent; antifungal drug; antiseborrheic |
| hexylresorcinol | resorcinols | ||
| 4-(dimethylamino)-n-(7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl)benzamide | 4-(dimethylamino)-N-(7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl)benzamide: structure in first source 4-(dimethylamino)-N-[7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]benzamide : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid with the amino group of 7-amino-N-hydroxyheptanamide. It is a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in several human cancer cell lines. | benzamides; hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor |
| masoprocol | nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) | catechols; lignan; tetrol | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; plant metabolite |
| vorinostat | vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME. | dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor |
| tetrabromobisphenol a | 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A : A bromobisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups and the phenyl rings are substituted by bromo groups at positions 2, 2', 6 and 6'. It is a brominated flame retardant. tetrabromobisphenol A: a brominated flame retardant | brominated flame retardant; bromobisphenol | |
| phenidone | phenidone: photographic developer; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | ||
| 2-bromophenol | bromophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded bromine atoms. | bromophenol | marine metabolite |
| 4-bromophenol | 4-bromophenol : A bromophenol containing only hydroxy and bromo substituents that are para to one another. | bromophenol | human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; marine metabolite; mouse metabolite; persistent organic pollutant; rat metabolite |
| 3-hydroxyflavone | 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone. | flavonols; monohydroxyflavone | |
| 3-bromophenol | |||
| 2,6-dibromophenol | 2,6-dibromophenol : A dibromophenol that is phenol in which both of the hydrogens that are ortho to the phenolic hydroxy group have been replaced by bromines. | bromohydrocarbon; dibromophenol | marine metabolite |
| 2,4-dibromophenol | 2,4-dibromophenol : A bromophenol that is phenol in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 have been replaced by bromines. | brominated flame retardant; bromophenol; dibromobenzene | marine metabolite |
| zileuton | 1-benzothiophenes; ureas | anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug | |
| 6-hydroxyflavone | 6-hydroxyflavone: antioxidant; structure in first source | hydroxyflavonoid | |
| puupehenone | |||
| moracin c | benzofurans | ||
| 3,6-dihydroxyflavone | 3,6-dihydroxyflavone: induces apoptosis in leukemia HL-60 cells; structure in first source | ||
| N-[(5-chloro-8-hydroxy-7-quinolinyl)-(2-furanyl)methyl]acetamide | hydroxyquinoline | ||
| 1-phenyl-2-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methylthio]imidazole | imidazoles | ||
| quercetin | 7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger | |
| 15-keto-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid | 15-keto-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid: RN given refers to (E,Z,Z,Z)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 3/88 15-oxo-ETE : An oxoicosatetraenoic acid having (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E) double bond stereochemistry, and an oxo group in position 15. | oxoicosatetraenoic acid | human metabolite |
| baicalein | trihydroxyflavone | angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger | |
| fisetin | 3'-hydroxyflavonoid; 7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; metabolite; plant metabolite | |
| mangostin | alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities. mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit | aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| morusin | morusin : An extended flavonoid that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 2' and 4', a prenyl group at position 3 and a 2,2-dimethyl pyran group across positions 7 and 8. morusin: from Morus root bark; structure given in first source | extended flavonoid; trihydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| daidzein | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite | |
| 7-hydroxyflavone | 7-hydroxyflavone : A hydroxyflavonoid in which the flavone nucleus is substituted at position 7 by a hydroxy group. | hydroxyflavonoid | |
| 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid | 5-ketoeicosatetraenoic acid: a nonenzymatic rearrangement product of leukotriene A4; structure given in first source 5-oxo-ETE : An oxoicosatetraenoic acid having a 5-oxo group; and (6E)-, (8Z), (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds. | oxoicosatetraenoic acid | human metabolite; immunomodulator; mouse metabolite |
| 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone | 4',6,7-trihydroxyisoflavone : A hydroxyisoflavone that is daidzein bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 6. 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone: structure in first source | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | anti-inflammatory agent; antimutagen; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; metabolite; PPARalpha agonist; PPARgamma agonist |
| 7-hydroxyisoflavone | 7-hydroxyisoflavone : The simplest member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is isoflavone with a hydroxy substituent at position 7. 7-hydroxyisoflavone: effective against, Enterovirus 71; structure in first source | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| 3,7-dihydroxyflavone | 3,7-dihydroxyflavone: structure in first source 7-hydroxyflavonol : Any flavonol carrying a 7-hydroxy substituent. | hydroxyflavan | |
| 13-oxo-9,11-octadecadienoic acid | 13-oxo-9Z,11E-ODE : An oxooctadecadienoic acid that consists of 9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid bearing an additional 13-keto substituent. In addtion it has been found as a natural product found in Carthamus oxyacantha. | 13-oxo-9,11-octadecadienoic acid | metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| dysidenin | dysidenin : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (4S)-5,5,5-trichloro-N-methyl-N-[(3S)-4,4,4-trichloro-3-methylbutanoyl]-L-leucine with the amino group of (1S)-1-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)ethanamine. It is a marine metabolite initially isolated from the sponge dysidea herbacea. dysidenin: structure given in first source; from the sponge Dysidea herbacea; RN given refers to (2S-(N(R*),2R*(R*),4R*))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/90 | 1,3-thiazoles; organochlorine compound; secondary carboxamide; tertiary carboxamide | animal metabolite; marine metabolite; toxin |
| jaspaquinol | jaspaquinol: structure in first source | ||
| N-[(5-chloro-8-hydroxy-7-quinolinyl)-cyclopropylmethyl]acetamide | hydroxyquinoline | ||
| N-[(5-fluoro-8-hydroxy-7-quinolinyl)-thiophen-2-ylmethyl]acetamide | hydroxyquinoline | ||
| N-[(5-bromo-8-hydroxy-7-quinolinyl)-(2-furanyl)methyl]propanamide | hydroxyquinoline | ||
| N-[(5-bromo-8-hydroxy-7-quinolinyl)-thiophen-2-ylmethyl]acetamide | hydroxyquinoline | ||
| ML355 | ML355 : A sulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 2-aminobenzothiazole with the sulfo group of 4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)amino]benzenesulfonic acid. It is an inhibitor of 12-lipoxygenase, being developed by Veralox Therapeutics for the treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. ML355: 12-Lipoxygenase inhibitor | benzothiazoles; monomethoxybenzene; phenols; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline; sulfonamide | EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| hydrazinocurcumin | hydrazinocurcumin : A pyrazole obtained by cyclocodensation of the two carbonyl groups of curcumin with hydrazine. hydrazinocurcumin: structure in first source | aromatic ether; olefinic compound; polyphenol; pyrazoles | angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor |