regulation of neuron migration

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration. [GOC:obol]

Neuron migration, a critical process in brain development, involves the precise movement of newly generated neurons from their birthplace in the ventricular zone to their final destinations within the brain. This intricate journey is tightly regulated by a complex interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, orchestrating a delicate balance between migration and differentiation.

Intrinsic factors, primarily residing within the migrating neuron itself, play a pivotal role in guiding its movement. These include the cytoskeletal machinery responsible for cell shape changes and the generation of protrusions, as well as the molecular motors that propel the cell along its migratory path. The cell's internal compass, encoded in the neuron's genetic blueprint, directs it towards specific targets.

Extrinsic factors, emanating from the surrounding environment, provide crucial navigational cues. These cues include guidance molecules, secreted by other cells, that attract or repel migrating neurons. These molecules bind to specific receptors on the neuron's surface, triggering intracellular signaling pathways that influence cell motility. The extracellular matrix, a complex network of proteins, also plays a role, providing structural support and acting as a scaffold for migrating neurons.

The regulation of neuron migration is a dynamic process, involving a series of coordinated steps:

1. **Initial Polarization**: The neuron acquires a polarized morphology, with a leading edge (lamellipodium) responsible for sensing and responding to guidance cues, and a trailing edge (tail) that facilitates detachment from the substrate.

2. **Locomotion**: The neuron extends its leading edge, forming filopodia and lamellipodia, which probe the environment and adhere to the extracellular matrix. These protrusions are driven by actin polymerization, powered by molecular motors like myosin.

3. **Adhesion and Detachment**: The neuron adheres to the substrate through cell-substrate adhesion molecules, such as integrins, while simultaneously detaching from the trailing edge, facilitated by proteases. This dynamic balance between adhesion and detachment allows for forward movement.

4. **Directionality**: Guidance cues, such as chemoattractants and chemorepellents, influence the direction of migration. These molecules bind to specific receptors on the neuron's surface, activating downstream signaling pathways that control cytoskeletal dynamics and the distribution of adhesion molecules.

5. **Integration**: Once the neuron reaches its final destination, it integrates into the existing neural circuitry, forming synapses with other neurons. This integration process involves the maturation of the neuron and the formation of specialized structures, such as axons and dendrites.

The disruption of neuron migration can lead to severe neurological disorders, such as epilepsy, autism, and schizophrenia. A thorough understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing neuron migration is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies for these conditions.'
"

Proteins (3)

Compounds (96)