negative regulation of core promoter binding

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of core promoter binding. [GO_REF:0000059, GOC:BHF, GOC:BHF_telomere, GOC:nc, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:22723415]

Negative regulation of core promoter binding is a complex process that involves the suppression of transcription initiation by inhibiting the binding of transcription factors to the core promoter region of a gene. The core promoter is a DNA sequence located upstream of the transcription start site that serves as a platform for the assembly of the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC). This complex comprises RNA polymerase II, general transcription factors (GTFs), and other regulatory proteins that are essential for initiating transcription.

The negative regulation of core promoter binding can occur through various mechanisms, including:

**1. Competitive Inhibition:**
- Repressor proteins can compete with activator proteins for binding to the core promoter. This competition prevents the assembly of the PIC and inhibits transcription initiation.

**2. Blocking of Transcription Factor Binding Sites:**
- Repressor proteins can bind to specific DNA sequences within the core promoter that overlap with the binding sites of activator proteins. This physically blocks the activator proteins from binding and prevents the assembly of the PIC.

**3. Recruitment of Corepressor Proteins:**
- Repressor proteins can recruit corepressor proteins that directly interact with the PIC, preventing its assembly or function. Corepressors can modify histones to make the chromatin less accessible to the transcriptional machinery, or they can directly inhibit the activity of GTFs.

**4. Modification of the Core Promoter Structure:**
- Some repressor proteins can alter the structure of the core promoter DNA, making it less conducive to the binding of activator proteins or the assembly of the PIC.

**5. Interference with Chromatin Remodeling:**
- Repressor proteins can influence the accessibility of the core promoter by affecting chromatin remodeling processes. For instance, they can recruit histone deacetylases (HDACs) that remove acetyl groups from histones, leading to a more condensed chromatin state that inhibits transcription.

In summary, negative regulation of core promoter binding is a multifaceted process involving the suppression of transcription initiation by interfering with the binding of transcription factors to the core promoter. This regulation can occur through various mechanisms, including competitive inhibition, blocking of binding sites, recruitment of corepressors, modification of promoter structure, and interference with chromatin remodeling.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (22)